Reading & WritingChapter 2: Inferences
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Prompt
Evidence type first
💡Recall the strategy before revealing the answer.
Answer
Identify whether the passage uses an experiment, observation, dataset, document, or artifact.
ExampleApply this idea to the next Inferences passage you read.
Prompt
Observed association
💡Recall the definition before revealing the answer.
Answer
Two features vary together; this alone does not prove one causes the other.
Prompt
Controlled comparison
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Answer
Groups differ on a targeted condition while relevant features are held constant.
Prompt
Historical provenance
💡Recall the definition before revealing the answer.
Answer
Where, when, by whom, and for what context a source was created.
Prompt
Sample boundary
💡Recall the rule before revealing the answer.
Answer
Limit the conclusion to the population, place, or material actually examined.
Prompt
Document boundary
💡Recall the rule before revealing the answer.
Answer
One writer's record supports a conclusion about that perspective, not an entire society.
ExampleApply this idea to the next Inferences passage you read.
Prompt
Artifact inference
💡Recall the reasoning before revealing the answer.
Answer
Physical features can support conclusions about use or production only when the text supplies the link.
Prompt
Chronology inference
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Answer
Dating evidence can order events without necessarily revealing why they occurred.
Prompt
Association wording
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Answer
Is associated with or corresponds with preserves observational limits.
Prompt
Causal wording
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Answer
Caused requires a design or evidence strong enough to exclude alternatives.
Prompt
Source-survival bias
💡Recall the trap before revealing the answer.
Answer
What remains in an archive may not represent everything originally produced.
ExampleApply this idea to the next Inferences passage you read.
Prompt
Researcher-purpose trap
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Answer
Do not assume why a study was conducted unless the passage says why.
Prompt
Outside-expertise trap
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Answer
Do not use a memorized fact to rescue an option unsupported by the stimulus.
Prompt
Negative-result caution
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Answer
No detected difference is not always proof that no difference exists.
Prompt
Instrument limit
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Answer
A measurement method constrains what researchers could observe.
Prompt
Competing-source clue
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Answer
Disagreement between records may support a conclusion about perspective or uncertainty.
ExampleApply this idea to the next Inferences passage you read.
Prompt
Replication scope
💡Recall the rule before revealing the answer.
Answer
Repeated findings strengthen a pattern but do not erase all design limits.
Prompt
Evidence shows / does not show
💡Recall the strategy before revealing the answer.
Answer
Write both statements before evaluating the answer choices.
Prompt
Local conclusion
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Answer
A narrow conclusion can be more rigorous than a dramatic generalization.
Prompt
Final discipline check
💡Recall the strategy before revealing the answer.
Answer
Does the option respect the study design or source type described?
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