Card 1 of 8
MediumStudy card 1
Prompt
For equally likely outcomes, how is probability calculated?
Answer
Favorable outcomes divided by total possible outcomes.
Basic probability
\[P(A)=\frac{\text{favorable outcomes}}{\text{total outcomes}}\]
MathProblem-Solving & Data Analysis
Flashcards
Probability Flashcards
Recall probability rules, conditional denominators, and counting traps.
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Card 1 of 8. Answer hidden.
Card 2 of 8
MediumStudy card 2
Prompt
What is the complement rule?
Answer
P(not A) = 1 − P(A).
Complement rule
\[P(A^c)=1-P(A)\]
Card 3 of 8
MediumStudy card 3
Prompt
What is often the fastest way to find “at least one”?
Answer
Find the probability of none and subtract from 1.
Card 4 of 8
MediumStudy card 4
Prompt
For independent events, how do you find P(A and B)?
Answer
Multiply P(A) by P(B).
Card 5 of 8
MediumStudy card 5
Prompt
How do you avoid double-counting P(A or B)?
Answer
Add P(A) and P(B), then subtract P(A and B).
Addition rule
\[P(A\cup B)=P(A)+P(B)-P(A\cap B)\]
Card 6 of 8
MediumStudy card 6
Prompt
What changes in a conditional probability?
Answer
The condition becomes the new sample space and therefore the new denominator.
Card 7 of 8
MediumStudy card 7
Prompt
Why are draws without replacement usually dependent?
Answer
The first draw changes both the favorable count and the total count for the next draw.
Card 8 of 8
MediumStudy card 8
Prompt
What is the classic probability wording trap?
Answer
Confusing “and” (intersection) with “or” (union), or treating dependent events as independent.
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