Card 1 of 20
EasyStudy card 1
Prompt
Valid inference
Recall the definition before revealing the answer.
Answer
A conclusion earned by the text's facts and strongest implications.
Example
Apply this idea to the next Inferences passage you read.
Reading & WritingChapter 2: Inferences
Flashcards
What Makes an Inference Valid? Flashcards
Twenty concise recall cards for Topic 2-1: What Makes an Inference Valid?.
Current card1 / 20
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Card 1 of 20. Answer hidden.
Card 2 of 20
EasyStudy card 2
Prompt
Inference vs guess
Recall the distinction before revealing the answer.
Answer
An inference has a traceable evidence path; a guess is merely possible.
Card 3 of 20
EasyStudy card 3
Prompt
Closed evidence system
Recall the rule before revealing the answer.
Answer
Use the passage as your evidence boundary; do not import outside facts.
Card 4 of 20
EasyStudy card 4
Prompt
Smallest reliable step
Recall the strategy before revealing the answer.
Answer
Move only as far beyond explicit wording as the premises justify.
Card 5 of 20
MediumStudy card 5
Prompt
Assumption audit
Recall the strategy before revealing the answer.
Answer
Ask what extra fact an answer needs. Reject it if the passage does not supply that fact.
Card 6 of 20
MediumStudy card 6
Prompt
Scope match
Recall the rule before revealing the answer.
Answer
Keep the same group, setting, time, and condition as the evidence.
Example
Apply this idea to the next Inferences passage you read.
Card 7 of 20
MediumStudy card 7
Prompt
Certainty match
Recall the rule before revealing the answer.
Answer
Use may or likely when the evidence suggests rather than proves.
Card 8 of 20
MediumStudy card 8
Prompt
Universal-language warning
Recall the trap before revealing the answer.
Answer
Always, never, every, and completely require unusually strong textual support.
Card 9 of 20
MediumStudy card 9
Prompt
Sole-cause warning
Recall the trap before revealing the answer.
Answer
Only cause is unsupported unless the passage rules out meaningful alternatives.
Card 10 of 20
MediumStudy card 10
Prompt
Text-compatible test
Recall the strategy before revealing the answer.
Answer
A valid answer cannot conflict with any relevant stated fact.
Card 11 of 20
MediumStudy card 11
Prompt
All-premises test
Recall the strategy before revealing the answer.
Answer
The best conclusion accounts for every relevant clue, not one convenient detail.
Example
Apply this idea to the next Inferences passage you read.
Card 12 of 20
MediumStudy card 12
Prompt
Real-world truth trap
Recall the trap before revealing the answer.
Answer
A generally true statement can still be unsupported by this passage.
Card 13 of 20
MediumStudy card 13
Prompt
Possible but unsupported
Recall the distinction before revealing the answer.
Answer
An answer can fit the situation without following from the evidence.
Card 14 of 20
EasyStudy card 14
Prompt
Strong implication
Recall the definition before revealing the answer.
Answer
A conclusion the evidence points toward even though it is not stated word for word.
Card 15 of 20
MediumStudy card 15
Prompt
Actor check
Recall the strategy before revealing the answer.
Answer
Verify that the answer's subject is the same actor or group described by the clues.
Card 16 of 20
HardStudy card 16
Prompt
Time-frame check
Recall the trap before revealing the answer.
Answer
Do not turn a temporary or past result into a permanent future prediction.
Example
Apply this idea to the next Inferences passage you read.
Card 17 of 20
HardStudy card 17
Prompt
Negative evidence
Recall the rule before revealing the answer.
Answer
Absence of a reported event is not proof that the event never occurred.
Card 18 of 20
HardStudy card 18
Prompt
Necessary bridge
Recall the definition before revealing the answer.
Answer
The logical connection between premises and conclusion must itself be text-supported.
Card 19 of 20
HardStudy card 19
Prompt
Best-answer standard
Recall the rule before revealing the answer.
Answer
Choose the most strongly supported option, even if several are conceivable.
Card 20 of 20
HardStudy card 20
Prompt
Final validity question
Recall the strategy before revealing the answer.
Answer
Can I defend every word of this answer using the passage alone?
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