Reading & WritingChapter 2: Inferences
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Prompt
Multistep inference
💡Recall the definition before revealing the answer.
Answer
A conclusion reached by linking two or more independently relevant premises.
ExampleApply this idea to the next Inferences passage you read.
Prompt
Premise indexing
💡Recall the strategy before revealing the answer.
Answer
Number the passage's relevant facts before trying to combine them.
Prompt
Hinge premise
💡Recall the definition before revealing the answer.
Answer
The clue that qualifies, redirects, or changes the meaning of another clue.
Prompt
Baseline
💡Recall the definition before revealing the answer.
Answer
The reference condition that makes a later difference interpretable.
Prompt
Exception clue
💡Recall the signal before revealing the answer.
Answer
Except, unless, and only can prevent an otherwise tempting general conclusion.
Prompt
Despite clue
💡Recall the signal before revealing the answer.
Answer
The expected outcome did not occur; the inference must explain or preserve that contrast.
ExampleApply this idea to the next Inferences passage you read.
Prompt
Before-and-after chain
💡Recall the strategy before revealing the answer.
Answer
Connect the initial state, intervention or event, and later state.
Prompt
Three-link notation
💡Recall the strategy before revealing the answer.
Answer
Write P1 + P2 + P3 → C to keep the chain visible.
Prompt
Qualifier carryover
💡Recall the rule before revealing the answer.
Answer
A condition introduced in one premise must remain in the final conclusion.
Prompt
Partial-inference trap
💡Recall the trap before revealing the answer.
Answer
The answer explains one finding but ignores an exception or comparison.
Prompt
Collapsed-time trap
💡Recall the trap before revealing the answer.
Answer
The answer treats initial and later results as if they occurred at the same stage.
ExampleApply this idea to the next Inferences passage you read.
Prompt
Merged-group trap
💡Recall the trap before revealing the answer.
Answer
Results from trained and untrained, old and new, or exposed and unexposed groups are combined.
Prompt
Chain break
💡Recall the trap before revealing the answer.
Answer
A step that sounds plausible but has no premise supporting it.
Prompt
Necessary vs sufficient
💡Recall the distinction before revealing the answer.
Answer
A required condition need not guarantee the outcome by itself.
Prompt
Mediating clue
💡Recall the reasoning before revealing the answer.
Answer
An intermediate observation can explain how an earlier condition connects to a later result.
Prompt
Competing patterns
💡Recall the reasoning before revealing the answer.
Answer
The answer must explain why results differ, not simply describe one trend.
ExampleApply this idea to the next Inferences passage you read.
Prompt
Longer is not stronger
💡Recall the rule before revealing the answer.
Answer
A multistep chain may require more cautious certainty, not a bolder claim.
Prompt
Choice-by-choice audit
💡Recall the strategy before revealing the answer.
Answer
Test every option against every numbered premise.
Prompt
Counterfactual check
💡Recall the strategy before revealing the answer.
Answer
Ask whether removing the hinge would change the conclusion; if not, you may be ignoring it.
Prompt
Final multistep check
💡Recall the strategy before revealing the answer.
Answer
Which option explains the baseline, hinge, and outcome together?
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