Evidence for Scientific Conclusions SAT Practice

Question 1 of 50

Question 1

Easy

Passage

rhythm-first rehearsal

In a hypothetical humanities investigation of student percussionists, a team compared rhythm-first rehearsal with melody-first rehearsal while practicing Evidence for Scientific Conclusions. A fictional research team claims that, relative to melody-first rehearsal, rhythm-first rehearsal affects synchronized entries under the stated conditions. The study and possible findings below are fictional, and each choice should be treated as true for the purpose of evaluating the supplied hypothesis.

Which finding, if true, would most strongly support the hypothesis?

In the mechanism-focused test, under the relevant matched conditions, rhythm-first rehearsal produced 43 % of synchronized entries, compared with 34 % for melody-first rehearsal.In the mechanism-focused test, in an untested setting outside the claim's population, both conditions produced 36 % of synchronized entries.In the mechanism-focused test, under the relevant matched conditions, rhythm-first rehearsal produced 34 % of synchronized entries, compared with 43 % for melody-first rehearsal.In the mechanism-focused test, the materials used for rhythm-first rehearsal and melody-first rehearsal differed in instrument age, which the claim does not identify as an outcome.

Correct answerIn the mechanism-focused test, under the relevant matched conditions, rhythm-first rehearsal produced 43 % of synchronized entries, compared with 34 % for melody-first rehearsal.

Evidence audit

Official skill: Command of Evidence
Subtype: Textual
Topic: 3-9 · Evidence for Scientific Conclusions
Direction: Support

Claim

A fictional research team claims that, relative to melody-first rehearsal, rhythm-first rehearsal affects synchronized entries under the stated conditions.

Relevant evidence

In the mechanism-focused test, under the relevant matched conditions, rhythm-first rehearsal produced 43 % of synchronized entries, compared with 34 % for melody-first rehearsal.

Why it bears on the claim

The finding directly bears on the predicted relationship and requested support direction.

Explanation

The key is strongest because it bears directly on what the hypothesis requires: In the mechanism-focused test, under the relevant matched conditions, rhythm-first rehearsal produced 43 % of synchronized entries, compared with 34 % for melody-first rehearsal.

Identify the claim
A fictional research team claims that, relative to melody-first rehearsal, rhythm-first rehearsal affects synchronized entries under the stated conditions.
Translate the prediction
Relevant evidence must address synchronized entries by comparing rhythm-first rehearsal with melody-first rehearsal.
Check direction and scope
The requested direction is support; the key preserves that direction without adding a new population, condition, or outcome.

Question 2 of 50

Question 2

Easy

Passage

the repaired kite

The following claim concerns an original fictional scene created for this question and is framed to practice Evidence for Scientific Conclusions. A critic claims that choices involving displaying the patched kite and hiding it in the shed reveal acceptance of imperfection in Jonas in an original story. The quotations in the choices are also original and can be evaluated independently; no knowledge of another work is needed. The critic is evaluating the contrast between the character's public and private choices.

Which finding, if true, would most directly weaken the interpretation?

“In the mechanism-focused test, before the turning point, a window stood open while Jonas in an original story considered displaying the patched kite.““In the mechanism-focused test, before the turning point, the scene records wind speed, but gives no reaction from Jonas in an original story.““In the mechanism-focused test, before the turning point, in both public and private, Jonas in an original story consistently preferred hiding it in the shed and dismissed displaying the patched kite.““In the mechanism-focused test, before the turning point, before others, Jonas in an original story chose displaying the patched kite; in private, the character rejected hiding it in the shed, a contrast that reveals acceptance of imperfection.“

Correct answer“In the mechanism-focused test, before the turning point, in both public and private, Jonas in an original story consistently preferred hiding it in the shed and dismissed displaying the patched kite.“

Evidence audit

Official skill: Command of Evidence
Subtype: Textual
Topic: 3-9 · Evidence for Scientific Conclusions
Direction: Weaken

Claim

A critic claims that choices involving displaying the patched kite and hiding it in the shed reveal acceptance of imperfection in Jonas in an original story.

Relevant evidence

“In the mechanism-focused test, before the turning point, in both public and private, Jonas in an original story consistently preferred hiding it in the shed and dismissed displaying the patched kite.“

Why it bears on the claim

The finding directly bears on the predicted relationship and requested weaken direction.

Explanation

The key is strongest because it bears directly on what the interpretation requires: “In the mechanism-focused test, before the turning point, in both public and private, Jonas in an original story consistently preferred hiding it in the shed and dismissed displaying the patched kite.“

Identify the claim
A critic claims that choices involving displaying the patched kite and hiding it in the shed reveal acceptance of imperfection in Jonas in an original story.
Translate the prediction
Relevant evidence must address acceptance of imperfection by comparing displaying the patched kite with hiding it in the shed.
Check direction and scope
The requested direction is weaken; the key preserves that direction without adding a new population, condition, or outcome.

Question 3 of 50

Question 3

Easy

Passage

cool-roof coating

In a hypothetical science investigation of identical roof tiles, a team compared reflective coating with plain coating while practicing Evidence for Scientific Conclusions. A fictional research team claims that, relative to plain coating, reflective coating affects retained heat under the stated conditions. The study and possible findings below are fictional, and each choice should be treated as true for the purpose of evaluating the supplied assertion.

Correct answerIn the mechanism-focused test, under the relevant matched conditions, reflective coating produced 59 °C of retained heat, compared with 48 °C for plain coating.

Evidence audit

Official skill: Command of Evidence
Subtype: Textual
Topic: 3-9 · Evidence for Scientific Conclusions
Direction: Support

Claim

A fictional research team claims that, relative to plain coating, reflective coating affects retained heat under the stated conditions.

Relevant evidence

In the mechanism-focused test, under the relevant matched conditions, reflective coating produced 59 °C of retained heat, compared with 48 °C for plain coating.

Why it bears on the claim

The finding directly bears on the predicted relationship and requested support direction.

Explanation

The key is strongest because it bears directly on what the assertion requires: In the mechanism-focused test, under the relevant matched conditions, reflective coating produced 59 °C of retained heat, compared with 48 °C for plain coating.

Identify the claim
A fictional research team claims that, relative to plain coating, reflective coating affects retained heat under the stated conditions.
Translate the prediction
Relevant evidence must address retained heat by comparing reflective coating with plain coating.
Check direction and scope
The requested direction is support; the key preserves that direction without adding a new population, condition, or outcome.

Question 4 of 50

Question 4

Easy

Passage

mobile archive van

In a hypothetical history social studies investigation of rural archive donors, a team compared mobile scanning visits with city-only scanning while practicing Evidence for Scientific Conclusions. A fictional research team claims that, relative to city-only scanning, mobile scanning visits affects documents contributed under the stated conditions. The study and possible findings below are fictional, and each choice should be treated as true for the purpose of evaluating the supplied hypothesis.

Which finding, if true, would most directly challenge the hypothesis?

In the mechanism-focused test, under the relevant matched conditions, mobile scanning visits produced 67 items of documents contributed, compared with 55 items for city-only scanning.In the mechanism-focused test, the materials used for mobile scanning visits and city-only scanning differed in catalog color, which the claim does not identify as an outcome.In the mechanism-focused test, in an untested setting outside the claim's population, both conditions produced 57 items of documents contributed.In the mechanism-focused test, under the relevant matched conditions, mobile scanning visits produced 55 items of documents contributed, compared with 67 items for city-only scanning.

Correct answerIn the mechanism-focused test, under the relevant matched conditions, mobile scanning visits produced 55 items of documents contributed, compared with 67 items for city-only scanning.

Evidence audit

Official skill: Command of Evidence
Subtype: Textual
Topic: 3-9 · Evidence for Scientific Conclusions
Direction: Challenge

Claim

A fictional research team claims that, relative to city-only scanning, mobile scanning visits affects documents contributed under the stated conditions.

Relevant evidence

In the mechanism-focused test, under the relevant matched conditions, mobile scanning visits produced 55 items of documents contributed, compared with 67 items for city-only scanning.

Why it bears on the claim

The finding directly bears on the predicted relationship and requested challenge direction.

Explanation

The key is strongest because it bears directly on what the hypothesis requires: In the mechanism-focused test, under the relevant matched conditions, mobile scanning visits produced 55 items of documents contributed, compared with 67 items for city-only scanning.

Identify the claim
A fictional research team claims that, relative to city-only scanning, mobile scanning visits affects documents contributed under the stated conditions.
Translate the prediction
Relevant evidence must address documents contributed by comparing mobile scanning visits with city-only scanning.
Check direction and scope
The requested direction is challenge; the key preserves that direction without adding a new population, condition, or outcome.

Question 5 of 50

Question 5

Easy

Passage

tactile sculpture labels

In a hypothetical humanities investigation of gallery visitors, a team compared touchable material samples with text-only labels while practicing Evidence for Scientific Conclusions. A fictional research team claims that, relative to text-only labels, touchable material samples affects material-specific observations under the stated conditions. The study and possible findings below are fictional, and each choice should be treated as true for the purpose of evaluating the supplied assertion.

Which choice most effectively illustrates the critic's claim?

In the mechanism-focused test, the materials used for touchable material samples and text-only labels differed in gallery music, which the claim does not identify as an outcome.In the mechanism-focused test, under the relevant matched conditions, touchable material samples produced 51 comments of material-specific observations, compared with 38 comments for text-only labels.In the mechanism-focused test, in an untested setting outside the claim's population, both conditions produced 40 comments of material-specific observations.In the mechanism-focused test, under the relevant matched conditions, touchable material samples produced 38 comments of material-specific observations, compared with 51 comments for text-only labels.

Correct answerIn the mechanism-focused test, under the relevant matched conditions, touchable material samples produced 51 comments of material-specific observations, compared with 38 comments for text-only labels.

Evidence audit

Official skill: Command of Evidence
Subtype: Textual
Topic: 3-9 · Evidence for Scientific Conclusions
Direction: Illustrate

Claim

A fictional research team claims that, relative to text-only labels, touchable material samples affects material-specific observations under the stated conditions.

Relevant evidence

In the mechanism-focused test, under the relevant matched conditions, touchable material samples produced 51 comments of material-specific observations, compared with 38 comments for text-only labels.

Why it bears on the claim

The finding directly bears on the predicted relationship and requested illustrate direction.

Explanation

The key is strongest because it bears directly on what the assertion requires: In the mechanism-focused test, under the relevant matched conditions, touchable material samples produced 51 comments of material-specific observations, compared with 38 comments for text-only labels.

Identify the claim
A fictional research team claims that, relative to text-only labels, touchable material samples affects material-specific observations under the stated conditions.
Translate the prediction
Relevant evidence must address material-specific observations by comparing touchable material samples with text-only labels.
Check direction and scope
The requested direction is illustrate; the key preserves that direction without adding a new population, condition, or outcome.

Question 6 of 50

Question 6

Easy

Passage

the empty chair

The following claim concerns an original fictional scene created for this question and is framed to practice Evidence for Scientific Conclusions. A critic claims that choices involving moving a new colleague's chair closer and leaving the chair apart reveal readiness to collaborate in Sana in an original story. The quotations in the choices are also original and can be evaluated independently; no knowledge of another work is needed. The critic is evaluating the contrast between the character's public and private choices.

Which finding, if true, would most strongly support the interpretation?

“In the mechanism-focused test, before the turning point, a window stood open while Sana in an original story considered moving a new colleague's chair closer.““In the mechanism-focused test, before the turning point, in both public and private, Sana in an original story consistently preferred leaving the chair apart and dismissed moving a new colleague's chair closer.““In the mechanism-focused test, before the turning point, the scene records meeting length, but gives no reaction from Sana in an original story.““In the mechanism-focused test, before the turning point, before others, Sana in an original story chose moving a new colleague's chair closer; in private, the character rejected leaving the chair apart, a contrast that reveals readiness to collaborate.“

Correct answer“In the mechanism-focused test, before the turning point, before others, Sana in an original story chose moving a new colleague's chair closer; in private, the character rejected leaving the chair apart, a contrast that reveals readiness to collaborate.“

Evidence audit

Official skill: Command of Evidence
Subtype: Textual
Topic: 3-9 · Evidence for Scientific Conclusions
Direction: Support

Claim

A critic claims that choices involving moving a new colleague's chair closer and leaving the chair apart reveal readiness to collaborate in Sana in an original story.

Relevant evidence

“In the mechanism-focused test, before the turning point, before others, Sana in an original story chose moving a new colleague's chair closer; in private, the character rejected leaving the chair apart, a contrast that reveals readiness to collaborate.“

Why it bears on the claim

The finding directly bears on the predicted relationship and requested support direction.

Explanation

The key is strongest because it bears directly on what the interpretation requires: “In the mechanism-focused test, before the turning point, before others, Sana in an original story chose moving a new colleague's chair closer; in private, the character rejected leaving the chair apart, a contrast that reveals readiness to collaborate.“

Identify the claim
A critic claims that choices involving moving a new colleague's chair closer and leaving the chair apart reveal readiness to collaborate in Sana in an original story.
Translate the prediction
Relevant evidence must address readiness to collaborate by comparing moving a new colleague's chair closer with leaving the chair apart.
Check direction and scope
The requested direction is support; the key preserves that direction without adding a new population, condition, or outcome.

Question 7 of 50

Question 7

Easy

Passage

bee-shelter openings

In a hypothetical science investigation of solitary bees, a team compared east-facing nest openings with west-facing openings while practicing Evidence for Scientific Conclusions. A fictional research team claims that, relative to west-facing openings, east-facing nest openings affects occupied nesting tubes under the stated conditions. The study and possible findings below are fictional, and each choice should be treated as true for the purpose of evaluating the supplied hypothesis.

Which finding, if true, would most directly weaken the hypothesis?

In the mechanism-focused test, under the relevant matched conditions, east-facing nest openings produced 52 % of occupied nesting tubes, compared with 67 % for west-facing openings.In the mechanism-focused test, under the relevant matched conditions, east-facing nest openings produced 67 % of occupied nesting tubes, compared with 52 % for west-facing openings.In the mechanism-focused test, the materials used for east-facing nest openings and west-facing openings differed in paint pattern, which the claim does not identify as an outcome.In the mechanism-focused test, in an untested setting outside the claim's population, both conditions produced 54 % of occupied nesting tubes.

Correct answerIn the mechanism-focused test, under the relevant matched conditions, east-facing nest openings produced 52 % of occupied nesting tubes, compared with 67 % for west-facing openings.

Evidence audit

Official skill: Command of Evidence
Subtype: Textual
Topic: 3-9 · Evidence for Scientific Conclusions
Direction: Weaken

Claim

A fictional research team claims that, relative to west-facing openings, east-facing nest openings affects occupied nesting tubes under the stated conditions.

Relevant evidence

In the mechanism-focused test, under the relevant matched conditions, east-facing nest openings produced 52 % of occupied nesting tubes, compared with 67 % for west-facing openings.

Why it bears on the claim

The finding directly bears on the predicted relationship and requested weaken direction.

Explanation

The key is strongest because it bears directly on what the hypothesis requires: In the mechanism-focused test, under the relevant matched conditions, east-facing nest openings produced 52 % of occupied nesting tubes, compared with 67 % for west-facing openings.

Identify the claim
A fictional research team claims that, relative to west-facing openings, east-facing nest openings affects occupied nesting tubes under the stated conditions.
Translate the prediction
Relevant evidence must address occupied nesting tubes by comparing east-facing nest openings with west-facing openings.
Check direction and scope
The requested direction is weaken; the key preserves that direction without adding a new population, condition, or outcome.

Question 8 of 50

Question 8

Easy

Passage

weekend permit desk

In a hypothetical history social studies investigation of hourly workers, a team compared Saturday permit appointments with weekday-only appointments while practicing Evidence for Scientific Conclusions. A fictional research team claims that, relative to weekday-only appointments, Saturday permit appointments affects completed applications under the stated conditions. The study and possible findings below are fictional, and each choice should be treated as true for the purpose of evaluating the supplied assertion.

Which finding, if true, would most strongly support the assertion?

In the mechanism-focused test, under the relevant matched conditions, Saturday permit appointments produced 35 applications of completed applications, compared with 51 applications for weekday-only appointments.In the mechanism-focused test, the materials used for Saturday permit appointments and weekday-only appointments differed in building height, which the claim does not identify as an outcome.In the mechanism-focused test, under the relevant matched conditions, Saturday permit appointments produced 51 applications of completed applications, compared with 35 applications for weekday-only appointments.In the mechanism-focused test, in an untested setting outside the claim's population, both conditions produced 37 applications of completed applications.

Correct answerIn the mechanism-focused test, under the relevant matched conditions, Saturday permit appointments produced 51 applications of completed applications, compared with 35 applications for weekday-only appointments.

Evidence audit

Official skill: Command of Evidence
Subtype: Textual
Topic: 3-9 · Evidence for Scientific Conclusions
Direction: Support

Claim

A fictional research team claims that, relative to weekday-only appointments, Saturday permit appointments affects completed applications under the stated conditions.

Relevant evidence

In the mechanism-focused test, under the relevant matched conditions, Saturday permit appointments produced 51 applications of completed applications, compared with 35 applications for weekday-only appointments.

Why it bears on the claim

The finding directly bears on the predicted relationship and requested support direction.

Explanation

The key is strongest because it bears directly on what the assertion requires: In the mechanism-focused test, under the relevant matched conditions, Saturday permit appointments produced 51 applications of completed applications, compared with 35 applications for weekday-only appointments.

Identify the claim
A fictional research team claims that, relative to weekday-only appointments, Saturday permit appointments affects completed applications under the stated conditions.
Translate the prediction
Relevant evidence must address completed applications by comparing Saturday permit appointments with weekday-only appointments.
Check direction and scope
The requested direction is support; the key preserves that direction without adding a new population, condition, or outcome.

Question 9 of 50

Question 9

Easy

Passage

alternate exhibit route

In a hypothetical humanities investigation of art students, a team compared theme-based gallery routes with chronological routes while practicing Evidence for Scientific Conclusions. A fictional research team claims that, relative to chronological routes, theme-based gallery routes affects cross-period comparisons under the stated conditions. The study and possible findings below are fictional, and each choice should be treated as true for the purpose of evaluating the supplied assertion.

Which finding, if true, would most directly challenge the assertion?

In the mechanism-focused test, the materials used for theme-based gallery routes and chronological routes differed in frame material, which the claim does not identify as an outcome.In the mechanism-focused test, in an untested setting outside the claim's population, both conditions produced 44 comparisons of cross-period comparisons.In the mechanism-focused test, under the relevant matched conditions, theme-based gallery routes produced 42 comparisons of cross-period comparisons, compared with 51 comparisons for chronological routes.In the mechanism-focused test, under the relevant matched conditions, theme-based gallery routes produced 51 comparisons of cross-period comparisons, compared with 42 comparisons for chronological routes.

Correct answerIn the mechanism-focused test, under the relevant matched conditions, theme-based gallery routes produced 42 comparisons of cross-period comparisons, compared with 51 comparisons for chronological routes.

Evidence audit

Official skill: Command of Evidence
Subtype: Textual
Topic: 3-9 · Evidence for Scientific Conclusions
Direction: Challenge

Claim

A fictional research team claims that, relative to chronological routes, theme-based gallery routes affects cross-period comparisons under the stated conditions.

Relevant evidence

In the mechanism-focused test, under the relevant matched conditions, theme-based gallery routes produced 42 comparisons of cross-period comparisons, compared with 51 comparisons for chronological routes.

Why it bears on the claim

The finding directly bears on the predicted relationship and requested challenge direction.

Explanation

The key is strongest because it bears directly on what the assertion requires: In the mechanism-focused test, under the relevant matched conditions, theme-based gallery routes produced 42 comparisons of cross-period comparisons, compared with 51 comparisons for chronological routes.

Identify the claim
A fictional research team claims that, relative to chronological routes, theme-based gallery routes affects cross-period comparisons under the stated conditions.
Translate the prediction
Relevant evidence must address cross-period comparisons by comparing theme-based gallery routes with chronological routes.
Check direction and scope
The requested direction is challenge; the key preserves that direction without adding a new population, condition, or outcome.

Question 10 of 50

Question 10

Easy

Passage

the rain ledger

The following claim concerns an original fictional scene created for this question and is framed to practice Evidence for Scientific Conclusions. A critic claims that choices involving sharing the damaged ledger and concealing its missing pages reveal trust in the group in Eren in an original story. The quotations in the choices are also original and can be evaluated independently; no knowledge of another work is needed. The critic is evaluating the contrast between the character's public and private choices.

Which choice most effectively illustrates the critic's claim?

“In the mechanism-focused test, before the turning point, before others, Eren in an original story chose sharing the damaged ledger; in private, the character rejected concealing its missing pages, a contrast that reveals trust in the group.““In the mechanism-focused test, before the turning point, a window stood open while Eren in an original story considered sharing the damaged ledger.““In the mechanism-focused test, before the turning point, in both public and private, Eren in an original story consistently preferred concealing its missing pages and dismissed sharing the damaged ledger.““In the mechanism-focused test, before the turning point, the scene records rainfall amount, but gives no reaction from Eren in an original story.“

Correct answer“In the mechanism-focused test, before the turning point, before others, Eren in an original story chose sharing the damaged ledger; in private, the character rejected concealing its missing pages, a contrast that reveals trust in the group.“

Evidence audit

Official skill: Command of Evidence
Subtype: Textual
Topic: 3-9 · Evidence for Scientific Conclusions
Direction: Illustrate

Claim

A critic claims that choices involving sharing the damaged ledger and concealing its missing pages reveal trust in the group in Eren in an original story.

Relevant evidence

“In the mechanism-focused test, before the turning point, before others, Eren in an original story chose sharing the damaged ledger; in private, the character rejected concealing its missing pages, a contrast that reveals trust in the group.“

Why it bears on the claim

The finding directly bears on the predicted relationship and requested illustrate direction.

Explanation

The key is strongest because it bears directly on what the interpretation requires: “In the mechanism-focused test, before the turning point, before others, Eren in an original story chose sharing the damaged ledger; in private, the character rejected concealing its missing pages, a contrast that reveals trust in the group.“

Identify the claim
A critic claims that choices involving sharing the damaged ledger and concealing its missing pages reveal trust in the group in Eren in an original story.
Translate the prediction
Relevant evidence must address trust in the group by comparing sharing the damaged ledger with concealing its missing pages.
Check direction and scope
The requested direction is illustrate; the key preserves that direction without adding a new population, condition, or outcome.

Question 11 of 50

Question 11

Easy

Passage

moss moisture cover

In a hypothetical science investigation of forest moss samples, a team compared porous shade cover with open exposure while practicing Evidence for Scientific Conclusions. A fictional research team claims that, relative to open exposure, porous shade cover affects retained moisture under the stated conditions. The study and possible findings below are fictional, and each choice should be treated as true for the purpose of evaluating the supplied assertion.

Correct answerIn the mechanism-focused test, under the relevant matched conditions, porous shade cover produced 67 % of retained moisture, compared with 56 % for open exposure.

Evidence audit

Official skill: Command of Evidence
Subtype: Textual
Topic: 3-9 · Evidence for Scientific Conclusions
Direction: Support

Claim

A fictional research team claims that, relative to open exposure, porous shade cover affects retained moisture under the stated conditions.

Relevant evidence

In the mechanism-focused test, under the relevant matched conditions, porous shade cover produced 67 % of retained moisture, compared with 56 % for open exposure.

Why it bears on the claim

The finding directly bears on the predicted relationship and requested support direction.

Explanation

The key is strongest because it bears directly on what the assertion requires: In the mechanism-focused test, under the relevant matched conditions, porous shade cover produced 67 % of retained moisture, compared with 56 % for open exposure.

Identify the claim
A fictional research team claims that, relative to open exposure, porous shade cover affects retained moisture under the stated conditions.
Translate the prediction
Relevant evidence must address retained moisture by comparing porous shade cover with open exposure.
Check direction and scope
The requested direction is support; the key preserves that direction without adding a new population, condition, or outcome.

Question 12 of 50

Question 12

Easy

Passage

plain-language notice

In a hypothetical history social studies investigation of housing applicants, a team compared plain-language deadlines with legalistic deadlines while practicing Evidence for Scientific Conclusions. A fictional research team claims that, relative to legalistic deadlines, plain-language deadlines affects on-time responses under the stated conditions. The study and possible findings below are fictional, and each choice should be treated as true for the purpose of evaluating the supplied assertion.

Which finding, if true, would most directly weaken the assertion?

In the mechanism-focused test, in an untested setting outside the claim's population, both conditions produced 41 % of on-time responses.In the mechanism-focused test, under the relevant matched conditions, plain-language deadlines produced 39 % of on-time responses, compared with 51 % for legalistic deadlines.In the mechanism-focused test, under the relevant matched conditions, plain-language deadlines produced 51 % of on-time responses, compared with 39 % for legalistic deadlines.In the mechanism-focused test, the materials used for plain-language deadlines and legalistic deadlines differed in office wall color, which the claim does not identify as an outcome.

Correct answerIn the mechanism-focused test, under the relevant matched conditions, plain-language deadlines produced 39 % of on-time responses, compared with 51 % for legalistic deadlines.

Evidence audit

Official skill: Command of Evidence
Subtype: Textual
Topic: 3-9 · Evidence for Scientific Conclusions
Direction: Weaken

Claim

A fictional research team claims that, relative to legalistic deadlines, plain-language deadlines affects on-time responses under the stated conditions.

Relevant evidence

In the mechanism-focused test, under the relevant matched conditions, plain-language deadlines produced 39 % of on-time responses, compared with 51 % for legalistic deadlines.

Why it bears on the claim

The finding directly bears on the predicted relationship and requested weaken direction.

Explanation

The key is strongest because it bears directly on what the assertion requires: In the mechanism-focused test, under the relevant matched conditions, plain-language deadlines produced 39 % of on-time responses, compared with 51 % for legalistic deadlines.

Identify the claim
A fictional research team claims that, relative to legalistic deadlines, plain-language deadlines affects on-time responses under the stated conditions.
Translate the prediction
Relevant evidence must address on-time responses by comparing plain-language deadlines with legalistic deadlines.
Check direction and scope
The requested direction is weaken; the key preserves that direction without adding a new population, condition, or outcome.

Question 13 of 50

Question 13

Easy

Passage

silent-film scoring

In a hypothetical humanities investigation of viewers of one silent scene, a team compared a cautious musical score with an urgent musical score while practicing Evidence for Scientific Conclusions. A fictional research team claims that, relative to an urgent musical score, a cautious musical score affects cautious character descriptions under the stated conditions. The study and possible findings below are fictional, and each choice should be treated as true for the purpose of evaluating the supplied hypothesis.

Which finding, if true, would most strongly support the hypothesis?

In the mechanism-focused test, in an untested setting outside the claim's population, both conditions produced 48 % of cautious character descriptions.In the mechanism-focused test, under the relevant matched conditions, a cautious musical score produced 46 % of cautious character descriptions, compared with 59 % for an urgent musical score.In the mechanism-focused test, the materials used for a cautious musical score and an urgent musical score differed in screen size, which the claim does not identify as an outcome.In the mechanism-focused test, under the relevant matched conditions, a cautious musical score produced 59 % of cautious character descriptions, compared with 46 % for an urgent musical score.

Correct answerIn the mechanism-focused test, under the relevant matched conditions, a cautious musical score produced 59 % of cautious character descriptions, compared with 46 % for an urgent musical score.

Evidence audit

Official skill: Command of Evidence
Subtype: Textual
Topic: 3-9 · Evidence for Scientific Conclusions
Direction: Support

Claim

A fictional research team claims that, relative to an urgent musical score, a cautious musical score affects cautious character descriptions under the stated conditions.

Relevant evidence

In the mechanism-focused test, under the relevant matched conditions, a cautious musical score produced 59 % of cautious character descriptions, compared with 46 % for an urgent musical score.

Why it bears on the claim

The finding directly bears on the predicted relationship and requested support direction.

Explanation

The key is strongest because it bears directly on what the hypothesis requires: In the mechanism-focused test, under the relevant matched conditions, a cautious musical score produced 59 % of cautious character descriptions, compared with 46 % for an urgent musical score.

Identify the claim
A fictional research team claims that, relative to an urgent musical score, a cautious musical score affects cautious character descriptions under the stated conditions.
Translate the prediction
Relevant evidence must address cautious character descriptions by comparing a cautious musical score with an urgent musical score.
Check direction and scope
The requested direction is support; the key preserves that direction without adding a new population, condition, or outcome.

Question 14 of 50

Question 14

Easy

Passage

the blue thread

The following claim concerns an original fictional scene created for this question and is framed to practice Evidence for Scientific Conclusions. A critic claims that choices involving mending the banner visibly and replacing it without a trace reveal respect for shared history in Asha in an original story. The quotations in the choices are also original and can be evaluated independently; no knowledge of another work is needed. The critic is evaluating the contrast between the character's public and private choices.

Which finding, if true, would most directly challenge the interpretation?

“In the mechanism-focused test, before the turning point, the scene records thread price, but gives no reaction from Asha in an original story.““In the mechanism-focused test, before the turning point, in both public and private, Asha in an original story consistently preferred replacing it without a trace and dismissed mending the banner visibly.““In the mechanism-focused test, before the turning point, before others, Asha in an original story chose mending the banner visibly; in private, the character rejected replacing it without a trace, a contrast that reveals respect for shared history.““In the mechanism-focused test, before the turning point, a window stood open while Asha in an original story considered mending the banner visibly.“

Correct answer“In the mechanism-focused test, before the turning point, in both public and private, Asha in an original story consistently preferred replacing it without a trace and dismissed mending the banner visibly.“

Evidence audit

Official skill: Command of Evidence
Subtype: Textual
Topic: 3-9 · Evidence for Scientific Conclusions
Direction: Challenge

Claim

A critic claims that choices involving mending the banner visibly and replacing it without a trace reveal respect for shared history in Asha in an original story.

Relevant evidence

“In the mechanism-focused test, before the turning point, in both public and private, Asha in an original story consistently preferred replacing it without a trace and dismissed mending the banner visibly.“

Why it bears on the claim

The finding directly bears on the predicted relationship and requested challenge direction.

Explanation

The key is strongest because it bears directly on what the interpretation requires: “In the mechanism-focused test, before the turning point, in both public and private, Asha in an original story consistently preferred replacing it without a trace and dismissed mending the banner visibly.“

Identify the claim
A critic claims that choices involving mending the banner visibly and replacing it without a trace reveal respect for shared history in Asha in an original story.
Translate the prediction
Relevant evidence must address respect for shared history by comparing mending the banner visibly with replacing it without a trace.
Check direction and scope
The requested direction is challenge; the key preserves that direction without adding a new population, condition, or outcome.

Question 15 of 50

Question 15

Easy

Passage

porous packet thaw

In a hypothetical science investigation of stored seeds, a team compared sealed packets with porous packets while practicing Evidence for Scientific Conclusions. A fictional research team claims that, relative to porous packets, sealed packets affects post-thaw germination under the stated conditions. The study and possible findings below are fictional, and each choice should be treated as true for the purpose of evaluating the supplied assertion.

Correct answerIn the mechanism-focused test, under the relevant matched conditions, sealed packets produced 51 % of post-thaw germination, compared with 36 % for porous packets.

Evidence audit

Official skill: Command of Evidence
Subtype: Textual
Topic: 3-9 · Evidence for Scientific Conclusions
Direction: Illustrate

Claim

A fictional research team claims that, relative to porous packets, sealed packets affects post-thaw germination under the stated conditions.

Relevant evidence

In the mechanism-focused test, under the relevant matched conditions, sealed packets produced 51 % of post-thaw germination, compared with 36 % for porous packets.

Why it bears on the claim

The finding directly bears on the predicted relationship and requested illustrate direction.

Explanation

The key is strongest because it bears directly on what the assertion requires: In the mechanism-focused test, under the relevant matched conditions, sealed packets produced 51 % of post-thaw germination, compared with 36 % for porous packets.

Identify the claim
A fictional research team claims that, relative to porous packets, sealed packets affects post-thaw germination under the stated conditions.
Translate the prediction
Relevant evidence must address post-thaw germination by comparing sealed packets with porous packets.
Check direction and scope
The requested direction is illustrate; the key preserves that direction without adding a new population, condition, or outcome.

Question 16 of 50

Question 16

Medium

Passage

neighborhood census desk

In a hypothetical history social studies investigation of first-time respondents, a team compared rotating neighborhood desks with one central desk while practicing Evidence for Scientific Conclusions. A fictional research team claims that, relative to one central desk, rotating neighborhood desks affects requests for guidance under the stated conditions. The study and possible findings below are fictional, and each choice should be treated as true for the purpose of evaluating the supplied hypothesis.

Which finding, if true, would most strongly support the hypothesis?

In the mechanism-focused test, under the relevant matched conditions, rotating neighborhood desks produced 59 requests of requests for guidance, compared with 43 requests for one central desk.In the mechanism-focused test, in an untested setting outside the claim's population, both conditions produced 45 requests of requests for guidance.In the mechanism-focused test, under the relevant matched conditions, rotating neighborhood desks produced 43 requests of requests for guidance, compared with 59 requests for one central desk.In the mechanism-focused test, the materials used for rotating neighborhood desks and one central desk differed in form color, which the claim does not identify as an outcome.

Correct answerIn the mechanism-focused test, under the relevant matched conditions, rotating neighborhood desks produced 59 requests of requests for guidance, compared with 43 requests for one central desk.

Evidence audit

Official skill: Command of Evidence
Subtype: Textual
Topic: 3-9 · Evidence for Scientific Conclusions
Direction: Support

Claim

A fictional research team claims that, relative to one central desk, rotating neighborhood desks affects requests for guidance under the stated conditions.

Relevant evidence

In the mechanism-focused test, under the relevant matched conditions, rotating neighborhood desks produced 59 requests of requests for guidance, compared with 43 requests for one central desk.

Why it bears on the claim

The finding directly bears on the predicted relationship and requested support direction.

Explanation

The key is strongest because it bears directly on what the hypothesis requires: In the mechanism-focused test, under the relevant matched conditions, rotating neighborhood desks produced 59 requests of requests for guidance, compared with 43 requests for one central desk.

Identify the claim
A fictional research team claims that, relative to one central desk, rotating neighborhood desks affects requests for guidance under the stated conditions.
Translate the prediction
Relevant evidence must address requests for guidance by comparing rotating neighborhood desks with one central desk.
Check direction and scope
The requested direction is support; the key preserves that direction without adding a new population, condition, or outcome.

Question 17 of 50

Question 17

Medium

Passage

multiple poem recordings

In a hypothetical humanities investigation of poetry students, a team compared several reader recordings with one official recording while practicing Evidence for Scientific Conclusions. A fictional research team claims that, relative to one official recording, several reader recordings affects delivery-specific observations under the stated conditions. The study and possible findings below are fictional, and each choice should be treated as true for the purpose of evaluating the supplied assertion.

Which finding, if true, would most directly weaken the assertion?

In the mechanism-focused test, under the relevant matched conditions, several reader recordings produced 50 observations of delivery-specific observations, compared with 59 observations for one official recording.In the mechanism-focused test, under the relevant matched conditions, several reader recordings produced 59 observations of delivery-specific observations, compared with 50 observations for one official recording.In the mechanism-focused test, the materials used for several reader recordings and one official recording differed in headphone brand, which the claim does not identify as an outcome.In the mechanism-focused test, in an untested setting outside the claim's population, both conditions produced 52 observations of delivery-specific observations.

Correct answerIn the mechanism-focused test, under the relevant matched conditions, several reader recordings produced 50 observations of delivery-specific observations, compared with 59 observations for one official recording.

Evidence audit

Official skill: Command of Evidence
Subtype: Textual
Topic: 3-9 · Evidence for Scientific Conclusions
Direction: Weaken

Claim

A fictional research team claims that, relative to one official recording, several reader recordings affects delivery-specific observations under the stated conditions.

Relevant evidence

In the mechanism-focused test, under the relevant matched conditions, several reader recordings produced 50 observations of delivery-specific observations, compared with 59 observations for one official recording.

Why it bears on the claim

The finding directly bears on the predicted relationship and requested weaken direction.

Explanation

The key is strongest because it bears directly on what the assertion requires: In the mechanism-focused test, under the relevant matched conditions, several reader recordings produced 50 observations of delivery-specific observations, compared with 59 observations for one official recording.

Identify the claim
A fictional research team claims that, relative to one official recording, several reader recordings affects delivery-specific observations under the stated conditions.
Translate the prediction
Relevant evidence must address delivery-specific observations by comparing several reader recordings with one official recording.
Check direction and scope
The requested direction is weaken; the key preserves that direction without adding a new population, condition, or outcome.

Question 18 of 50

Question 18

Medium

Passage

the borrowed lantern

The following claim concerns an original fictional scene created for this question and is framed to practice Evidence for Scientific Conclusions. A critic claims that choices involving handing Amara the lantern and keeping the lantern reveal confidence in her guidance in Theo in an original story. The quotations in the choices are also original and can be evaluated independently; no knowledge of another work is needed. The critic is evaluating the contrast between the character's public and private choices.

Which finding, if true, would most strongly support the interpretation?

“In the mechanism-focused test, before the turning point, a window stood open while Theo in an original story considered handing Amara the lantern.““In the mechanism-focused test, before the turning point, in both public and private, Theo in an original story consistently preferred keeping the lantern and dismissed handing Amara the lantern.““In the mechanism-focused test, before the turning point, the scene records path width, but gives no reaction from Theo in an original story.““In the mechanism-focused test, before the turning point, before others, Theo in an original story chose handing Amara the lantern; in private, the character rejected keeping the lantern, a contrast that reveals confidence in her guidance.“

Correct answer“In the mechanism-focused test, before the turning point, before others, Theo in an original story chose handing Amara the lantern; in private, the character rejected keeping the lantern, a contrast that reveals confidence in her guidance.“

Evidence audit

Official skill: Command of Evidence
Subtype: Textual
Topic: 3-9 · Evidence for Scientific Conclusions
Direction: Support

Claim

A critic claims that choices involving handing Amara the lantern and keeping the lantern reveal confidence in her guidance in Theo in an original story.

Relevant evidence

“In the mechanism-focused test, before the turning point, before others, Theo in an original story chose handing Amara the lantern; in private, the character rejected keeping the lantern, a contrast that reveals confidence in her guidance.“

Why it bears on the claim

The finding directly bears on the predicted relationship and requested support direction.

Explanation

The key is strongest because it bears directly on what the interpretation requires: “In the mechanism-focused test, before the turning point, before others, Theo in an original story chose handing Amara the lantern; in private, the character rejected keeping the lantern, a contrast that reveals confidence in her guidance.“

Identify the claim
A critic claims that choices involving handing Amara the lantern and keeping the lantern reveal confidence in her guidance in Theo in an original story.
Translate the prediction
Relevant evidence must address confidence in her guidance by comparing handing Amara the lantern with keeping the lantern.
Check direction and scope
The requested direction is support; the key preserves that direction without adding a new population, condition, or outcome.

Question 19 of 50

Question 19

Medium

Passage

stream-stone shape

In a hypothetical science investigation of aquatic insects, a team compared flat stream stones with rounded stream stones while practicing Evidence for Scientific Conclusions. A fictional research team claims that, relative to rounded stream stones, flat stream stones affects insects retained after high flow under the stated conditions. The study and possible findings below are fictional, and each choice should be treated as true for the purpose of evaluating the supplied hypothesis.

Which finding, if true, would most directly challenge the hypothesis?

In the mechanism-focused test, in an untested setting outside the claim's population, both conditions produced 42 % of insects retained after high flow.In the mechanism-focused test, under the relevant matched conditions, flat stream stones produced 40 % of insects retained after high flow, compared with 51 % for rounded stream stones.In the mechanism-focused test, under the relevant matched conditions, flat stream stones produced 51 % of insects retained after high flow, compared with 40 % for rounded stream stones.In the mechanism-focused test, the materials used for flat stream stones and rounded stream stones differed in water color, which the claim does not identify as an outcome.

Correct answerIn the mechanism-focused test, under the relevant matched conditions, flat stream stones produced 40 % of insects retained after high flow, compared with 51 % for rounded stream stones.

Evidence audit

Official skill: Command of Evidence
Subtype: Textual
Topic: 3-9 · Evidence for Scientific Conclusions
Direction: Challenge

Claim

A fictional research team claims that, relative to rounded stream stones, flat stream stones affects insects retained after high flow under the stated conditions.

Relevant evidence

In the mechanism-focused test, under the relevant matched conditions, flat stream stones produced 40 % of insects retained after high flow, compared with 51 % for rounded stream stones.

Why it bears on the claim

The finding directly bears on the predicted relationship and requested challenge direction.

Explanation

The key is strongest because it bears directly on what the hypothesis requires: In the mechanism-focused test, under the relevant matched conditions, flat stream stones produced 40 % of insects retained after high flow, compared with 51 % for rounded stream stones.

Identify the claim
A fictional research team claims that, relative to rounded stream stones, flat stream stones affects insects retained after high flow under the stated conditions.
Translate the prediction
Relevant evidence must address insects retained after high flow by comparing flat stream stones with rounded stream stones.
Check direction and scope
The requested direction is challenge; the key preserves that direction without adding a new population, condition, or outcome.

Question 20 of 50

Question 20

Medium

Passage

bus-clinic extension

In a hypothetical history social studies investigation of transit riders, a team compared a route extended near a clinic with the earlier route while practicing Evidence for Scientific Conclusions. A fictional research team claims that, relative to the earlier route, a route extended near a clinic affects trips ending near the clinic under the stated conditions. The study and possible findings below are fictional, and each choice should be treated as true for the purpose of evaluating the supplied assertion.

Which choice most effectively illustrates the critic's claim?

In the mechanism-focused test, under the relevant matched conditions, a route extended near a clinic produced 47 trips of trips ending near the clinic, compared with 59 trips for the earlier route.In the mechanism-focused test, the materials used for a route extended near a clinic and the earlier route differed in seat fabric, which the claim does not identify as an outcome.In the mechanism-focused test, under the relevant matched conditions, a route extended near a clinic produced 59 trips of trips ending near the clinic, compared with 47 trips for the earlier route.In the mechanism-focused test, in an untested setting outside the claim's population, both conditions produced 49 trips of trips ending near the clinic.

Correct answerIn the mechanism-focused test, under the relevant matched conditions, a route extended near a clinic produced 59 trips of trips ending near the clinic, compared with 47 trips for the earlier route.

Evidence audit

Official skill: Command of Evidence
Subtype: Textual
Topic: 3-9 · Evidence for Scientific Conclusions
Direction: Illustrate

Claim

A fictional research team claims that, relative to the earlier route, a route extended near a clinic affects trips ending near the clinic under the stated conditions.

Relevant evidence

In the mechanism-focused test, under the relevant matched conditions, a route extended near a clinic produced 59 trips of trips ending near the clinic, compared with 47 trips for the earlier route.

Why it bears on the claim

The finding directly bears on the predicted relationship and requested illustrate direction.

Explanation

The key is strongest because it bears directly on what the assertion requires: In the mechanism-focused test, under the relevant matched conditions, a route extended near a clinic produced 59 trips of trips ending near the clinic, compared with 47 trips for the earlier route.

Identify the claim
A fictional research team claims that, relative to the earlier route, a route extended near a clinic affects trips ending near the clinic under the stated conditions.
Translate the prediction
Relevant evidence must address trips ending near the clinic by comparing a route extended near a clinic with the earlier route.
Check direction and scope
The requested direction is illustrate; the key preserves that direction without adding a new population, condition, or outcome.

Question 21 of 50

Question 21

Medium

Passage

visible underdrawing

In a hypothetical humanities investigation of portrait viewers, researchers recorded the original synthetic data shown in the table. The fictional team treats the two conditions as a focused comparison for evaluating its scientific hypothesis, without claiming that the data prove causation. The team claims that infrared underdrawing images shows a sustained increase in identified revisions from baseline through follow-up.

Which choice most effectively uses data from the graphic to support the team's claim?

visible underdrawing: synthetic identified revisions (revisions)
Measurement	infrared underdrawing images	finished-image-only displays
Baseline	18	42
Condition 1	22	38
Condition 2	28	34
Follow-up	34	30

All values are from an original fictional dataset created for this question.

In the mechanism-focused test: finished-image-only displays moves from 42 to 30 revisions.In the mechanism-focused test: At baseline the conditions differ by 24 revisions.In the mechanism-focused test: infrared underdrawing images rises at every measurement, from 18 revisions at baseline to 34 revisions at follow-up.In the mechanism-focused test: infrared underdrawing images is 22 revisions at Condition 1.

Correct answerIn the mechanism-focused test: infrared underdrawing images rises at every measurement, from 18 revisions at baseline to 34 revisions at follow-up.

Evidence audit

Official skill: Command of Evidence
Subtype: Quantitative
Topic: 3-9 · Evidence for Scientific Conclusions
Direction: Support

Claim

The team claims that infrared underdrawing images shows a sustained increase in identified revisions from baseline through follow-up.

Relevant evidence

In the mechanism-focused test: infrared underdrawing images rises at every measurement, from 18 revisions at baseline to 34 revisions at follow-up.

Relevant data

infrared underdrawing images: 18, 22, 28, 34 revisions
finished-image-only displays: 42, 38, 34, 30 revisions

Why it bears on the claim

The selected values directly support the claim using the correct categories, series, and units.

Explanation

In the mechanism-focused test: infrared underdrawing images rises at every measurement, from 18 revisions at baseline to 34 revisions at follow-up. This comparison directly addresses the relationship and scope specified in the claim.

Read the claim first
The team claims that infrared underdrawing images shows a sustained increase in identified revisions from baseline through follow-up.
Locate exact values
infrared underdrawing images: 18, 22, 28, 34 revisions; finished-image-only displays: 42, 38, 34, 30 revisions
Match evidence to direction
The prompt asks for evidence that supports the claim; the key does so without changing categories, series, time, or units.

Question 22 of 50

Question 22

Medium

Passage

the open window

In a hypothetical literature investigation of Sora in an original play, researchers recorded the original synthetic data shown in the table. The fictional team treats the two conditions as a focused comparison for evaluating its scientific hypothesis, without claiming that the data prove causation. The team claims that the gap in openness to improvisation between allowing street rhythm into the finale and closing out every outside sound narrows across the four measurements.

Which choice most effectively uses data from the graphic to support the team's claim?

the open window: synthetic openness to improvisation (stage choices)
Measurement	allowing street rhythm into the finale	closing out every outside sound
Baseline	25	49
Condition 1	30	45
Condition 2	37	41
Follow-up	44	37

All values are from an original fictional dataset created for this question.

In the mechanism-focused test: The conditions total 81 stage choices at follow-up.In the mechanism-focused test: The conditions' gap narrows from 24 stage choices at baseline to 7 stage choices at follow-up.In the mechanism-focused test: At Condition 1, the values are 30 and 45 stage choices.In the mechanism-focused test: closing out every outside sound decreases by 12 stage choices.

Correct answerIn the mechanism-focused test: The conditions' gap narrows from 24 stage choices at baseline to 7 stage choices at follow-up.

Evidence audit

Official skill: Command of Evidence
Subtype: Quantitative
Topic: 3-9 · Evidence for Scientific Conclusions
Direction: Support

Claim

The team claims that the gap in openness to improvisation between allowing street rhythm into the finale and closing out every outside sound narrows across the four measurements.

Relevant evidence

In the mechanism-focused test: The conditions' gap narrows from 24 stage choices at baseline to 7 stage choices at follow-up.

Relevant data

allowing street rhythm into the finale: 25, 30, 37, 44 stage choices
closing out every outside sound: 49, 45, 41, 37 stage choices

Why it bears on the claim

The selected values directly support the claim using the correct categories, series, and units.

Explanation

In the mechanism-focused test: The conditions' gap narrows from 24 stage choices at baseline to 7 stage choices at follow-up. This comparison directly addresses the relationship and scope specified in the claim.

Read the claim first
The team claims that the gap in openness to improvisation between allowing street rhythm into the finale and closing out every outside sound narrows across the four measurements.
Locate exact values
allowing street rhythm into the finale: 25, 30, 37, 44 stage choices; closing out every outside sound: 49, 45, 41, 37 stage choices
Match evidence to direction
The prompt asks for evidence that supports the claim; the key does so without changing categories, series, time, or units.

Question 23 of 50

Question 23

Medium

Passage

ground-cover humidity

In a hypothetical science investigation of garden plots, researchers recorded the original synthetic data shown in the table. The fictional team treats the two conditions as a focused comparison for evaluating its scientific hypothesis, without claiming that the data prove causation. The team claims that dense ground cover exceeds bare soil in afternoon humidity by follow-up.

Which choice most effectively uses data from the graphic to support the team's claim?

ground-cover humidity: synthetic afternoon humidity (%)
Measurement	dense ground cover	bare soil
Baseline	32	56
Condition 1	38	52
Condition 2	46	48
Follow-up	54	44

All values are from an original fictional dataset created for this question.

In the mechanism-focused test: At baseline, bare soil is 56 % and dense ground cover is 32 %.In the mechanism-focused test: bare soil records 48 % at Condition 2.In the mechanism-focused test: dense ground cover records 46 % at Condition 2, compared with its own baseline of 32 %.In the mechanism-focused test: At follow-up, dense ground cover reaches 54 %, exceeding bare soil at 44 %.

Question 24 of 50

Question 24

Medium

Passage

bilingual archive search

In a hypothetical history social studies investigation of archive users, researchers recorded the original synthetic data shown in the table. The fictional team treats the two conditions as a focused comparison for evaluating its scientific hypothesis, without claiming that the data prove causation. The team claims that bilingual transcripts changes more across the measurement period than single-language metadata.

Which choice most effectively uses data from the graphic to support the team's claim?

bilingual archive search: synthetic successful record searches (%)
Measurement	bilingual transcripts	single-language metadata
Baseline	19	43
Condition 1	26	39
Condition 2	35	35
Follow-up	44	31

All values are from an original fictional dataset created for this question.

In the mechanism-focused test: bilingual transcripts changes by 25 %, while single-language metadata changes by 12 % in the opposite direction.In the mechanism-focused test: At Condition 2, the values are 35 and 35 %.In the mechanism-focused test: single-language metadata ends at 31 %.In the mechanism-focused test: At baseline, the two values sum to 62 %.

Correct answerIn the mechanism-focused test: bilingual transcripts changes by 25 %, while single-language metadata changes by 12 % in the opposite direction.

Evidence audit

Official skill: Command of Evidence
Subtype: Quantitative
Topic: 3-9 · Evidence for Scientific Conclusions
Direction: Support

Claim

The team claims that bilingual transcripts changes more across the measurement period than single-language metadata.

Relevant evidence

In the mechanism-focused test: bilingual transcripts changes by 25 %, while single-language metadata changes by 12 % in the opposite direction.

Relevant data

bilingual transcripts: 19, 26, 35, 44 %
single-language metadata: 43, 39, 35, 31 %

Why it bears on the claim

The selected values directly support the claim using the correct categories, series, and units.

Explanation

In the mechanism-focused test: bilingual transcripts changes by 25 %, while single-language metadata changes by 12 % in the opposite direction. This comparison directly addresses the relationship and scope specified in the claim.

Read the claim first
The team claims that bilingual transcripts changes more across the measurement period than single-language metadata.
Locate exact values
bilingual transcripts: 19, 26, 35, 44 %; single-language metadata: 43, 39, 35, 31 %
Match evidence to direction
The prompt asks for evidence that supports the claim; the key does so without changing categories, series, time, or units.

Question 25 of 50

Question 25

Medium

Passage

moveable theater seats

In a hypothetical humanities investigation of theater audiences, researchers recorded the original synthetic data shown in the table. The fictional team treats the two conditions as a focused comparison for evaluating its scientific hypothesis, without claiming that the data prove causation. The team claims that seats surrounding the stage remains below fixed front-facing rows through follow-up for noticed performer interactions.

Which choice most effectively uses data from the graphic to challenge the team's claim?

moveable theater seats: synthetic noticed performer interactions (%)
Measurement	seats surrounding the stage	fixed front-facing rows
Baseline	26	50
Condition 1	34	46
Condition 2	44	42
Follow-up	54	38

All values are from an original fictional dataset created for this question.

In the mechanism-focused test: The two conditions differ by 24 % at baseline.In the mechanism-focused test: At follow-up, seats surrounding the stage is 54 %, which is above fixed front-facing rows at 38 %.In the mechanism-focused test: At baseline, seats surrounding the stage is 26 %, below fixed front-facing rows at 50 %.In the mechanism-focused test: fixed front-facing rows changes from 50 to 38 %.

Correct answerIn the mechanism-focused test: At follow-up, seats surrounding the stage is 54 %, which is above fixed front-facing rows at 38 %.

Evidence audit

Official skill: Command of Evidence
Subtype: Quantitative
Topic: 3-9 · Evidence for Scientific Conclusions
Direction: Challenge

Claim

The team claims that seats surrounding the stage remains below fixed front-facing rows through follow-up for noticed performer interactions.

Relevant evidence

In the mechanism-focused test: At follow-up, seats surrounding the stage is 54 %, which is above fixed front-facing rows at 38 %.

Relevant data

seats surrounding the stage: 26, 34, 44, 54 %
fixed front-facing rows: 50, 46, 42, 38 %

Why it bears on the claim

The selected values directly challenge the claim using the correct categories, series, and units.

Explanation

In the mechanism-focused test: At follow-up, seats surrounding the stage is 54 %, which is above fixed front-facing rows at 38 %. This comparison directly addresses the relationship and scope specified in the claim.

Read the claim first
The team claims that seats surrounding the stage remains below fixed front-facing rows through follow-up for noticed performer interactions.
Locate exact values
seats surrounding the stage: 26, 34, 44, 54 %; fixed front-facing rows: 50, 46, 42, 38 %
Match evidence to direction
The prompt asks for evidence that challenges the claim; the key does so without changing categories, series, time, or units.

Question 26 of 50

Question 26

Medium

Passage

the guest telescope

In a hypothetical literature investigation of Noor in an original story, researchers recorded the original synthetic data shown in the table. The fictional team treats the two conditions as a focused comparison for evaluating its scientific hypothesis, without claiming that the data prove causation. The team claims that the gap in openness to shared discovery between opening unscheduled viewing slots and restricting every slot narrows across the four measurements.

Which choice most effectively uses data from the graphic to support the team's claim?

the guest telescope: synthetic openness to shared discovery (decisions)
Measurement	opening unscheduled viewing slots	restricting every slot
Baseline	33	57
Condition 1	37	53
Condition 2	43	49
Follow-up	49	45

All values are from an original fictional dataset created for this question.

In the mechanism-focused test: The conditions' gap narrows from 24 decisions at baseline to 4 decisions at follow-up.In the mechanism-focused test: At Condition 1, the values are 37 and 53 decisions.In the mechanism-focused test: restricting every slot decreases by 12 decisions.In the mechanism-focused test: The conditions total 94 decisions at follow-up.

Correct answerIn the mechanism-focused test: The conditions' gap narrows from 24 decisions at baseline to 4 decisions at follow-up.

Evidence audit

Official skill: Command of Evidence
Subtype: Quantitative
Topic: 3-9 · Evidence for Scientific Conclusions
Direction: Support

Claim

The team claims that the gap in openness to shared discovery between opening unscheduled viewing slots and restricting every slot narrows across the four measurements.

Relevant evidence

In the mechanism-focused test: The conditions' gap narrows from 24 decisions at baseline to 4 decisions at follow-up.

Relevant data

opening unscheduled viewing slots: 33, 37, 43, 49 decisions
restricting every slot: 57, 53, 49, 45 decisions

Why it bears on the claim

The selected values directly support the claim using the correct categories, series, and units.

Explanation

In the mechanism-focused test: The conditions' gap narrows from 24 decisions at baseline to 4 decisions at follow-up. This comparison directly addresses the relationship and scope specified in the claim.

Read the claim first
The team claims that the gap in openness to shared discovery between opening unscheduled viewing slots and restricting every slot narrows across the four measurements.
Locate exact values
opening unscheduled viewing slots: 33, 37, 43, 49 decisions; restricting every slot: 57, 53, 49, 45 decisions
Match evidence to direction
The prompt asks for evidence that supports the claim; the key does so without changing categories, series, time, or units.

Question 27 of 50

Question 27

Medium

Passage

recycled-glass tiles

In a hypothetical science investigation of building tiles, researchers recorded the original synthetic data shown in the table. The fictional team treats the two conditions as a focused comparison for evaluating its scientific hypothesis, without claiming that the data prove causation. The team claims that high recycled-glass content exceeds low recycled-glass content in strength after wetting by follow-up.

Which choice most effectively uses data from the graphic to support the team's claim?

recycled-glass tiles: synthetic strength after wetting (%)
Measurement	high recycled-glass content	low recycled-glass content
Baseline	20	44
Condition 1	25	40
Condition 2	32	36
Follow-up	39	32

All values are from an original fictional dataset created for this question.

In the mechanism-focused test: low recycled-glass content records 36 % at Condition 2.In the mechanism-focused test: high recycled-glass content records 32 % at Condition 2, compared with its own baseline of 20 %.In the mechanism-focused test: At follow-up, high recycled-glass content reaches 39 %, exceeding low recycled-glass content at 32 %.In the mechanism-focused test: At baseline, low recycled-glass content is 44 % and high recycled-glass content is 20 %.

Correct answerIn the mechanism-focused test: At follow-up, high recycled-glass content reaches 39 %, exceeding low recycled-glass content at 32 %.

Evidence audit

Official skill: Command of Evidence
Subtype: Quantitative
Topic: 3-9 · Evidence for Scientific Conclusions
Direction: Support

Claim

The team claims that high recycled-glass content exceeds low recycled-glass content in strength after wetting by follow-up.

Relevant evidence

In the mechanism-focused test: At follow-up, high recycled-glass content reaches 39 %, exceeding low recycled-glass content at 32 %.

Relevant data

high recycled-glass content: 20, 25, 32, 39 %
low recycled-glass content: 44, 40, 36, 32 %

Why it bears on the claim

The selected values directly support the claim using the correct categories, series, and units.

Explanation

In the mechanism-focused test: At follow-up, high recycled-glass content reaches 39 %, exceeding low recycled-glass content at 32 %. This comparison directly addresses the relationship and scope specified in the claim.

Read the claim first
The team claims that high recycled-glass content exceeds low recycled-glass content in strength after wetting by follow-up.
Locate exact values
high recycled-glass content: 20, 25, 32, 39 %; low recycled-glass content: 44, 40, 36, 32 %
Match evidence to direction
The prompt asks for evidence that supports the claim; the key does so without changing categories, series, time, or units.

Question 28 of 50

Question 28

Medium

Passage

public hearing loop

In a hypothetical history social studies investigation of meeting attendees, researchers recorded the original synthetic data shown in the table. The fictional team treats the two conditions as a focused comparison for evaluating its scientific hypothesis, without claiming that the data prove causation. The team claims that a portable hearing loop changes more across the measurement period than standard room audio.

Which choice most effectively uses data from the graphic to support the team's claim?

public hearing loop: synthetic question-period participation (questions)
Measurement	a portable hearing loop	standard room audio
Baseline	27	51
Condition 1	33	47
Condition 2	41	43
Follow-up	49	39

All values are from an original fictional dataset created for this question.

In the mechanism-focused test: At Condition 2, the values are 41 and 43 questions.In the mechanism-focused test: standard room audio ends at 39 questions.In the mechanism-focused test: At baseline, the two values sum to 78 questions.In the mechanism-focused test: a portable hearing loop changes by 22 questions, while standard room audio changes by 12 questions in the opposite direction.

Correct answerIn the mechanism-focused test: a portable hearing loop changes by 22 questions, while standard room audio changes by 12 questions in the opposite direction.

Evidence audit

Official skill: Command of Evidence
Subtype: Quantitative
Topic: 3-9 · Evidence for Scientific Conclusions
Direction: Support

Claim

The team claims that a portable hearing loop changes more across the measurement period than standard room audio.

Relevant evidence

In the mechanism-focused test: a portable hearing loop changes by 22 questions, while standard room audio changes by 12 questions in the opposite direction.

Relevant data

a portable hearing loop: 27, 33, 41, 49 questions
standard room audio: 51, 47, 43, 39 questions

Why it bears on the claim

The selected values directly support the claim using the correct categories, series, and units.

Explanation

In the mechanism-focused test: a portable hearing loop changes by 22 questions, while standard room audio changes by 12 questions in the opposite direction. This comparison directly addresses the relationship and scope specified in the claim.

Read the claim first
The team claims that a portable hearing loop changes more across the measurement period than standard room audio.
Locate exact values
a portable hearing loop: 27, 33, 41, 49 questions; standard room audio: 51, 47, 43, 39 questions
Match evidence to direction
The prompt asks for evidence that supports the claim; the key does so without changing categories, series, time, or units.

Question 29 of 50

Question 29

Medium

Passage

caption-after-image

In a hypothetical humanities investigation of photography viewers, researchers recorded the original synthetic data shown in the table. The fictional team treats the two conditions as a focused comparison for evaluating its scientific hypothesis, without claiming that the data prove causation. The team claims that captions shown after viewing shows a sustained increase in distinct interpretations from baseline through follow-up.

Which choice most effectively uses data from the graphic to support the team's claim?

caption-after-image: synthetic distinct interpretations (interpretations)
Measurement	captions shown after viewing	captions shown before viewing
Baseline	34	58
Condition 1	41	54
Condition 2	50	50
Follow-up	59	46

All values are from an original fictional dataset created for this question.

In the mechanism-focused test: captions shown after viewing is 41 interpretations at Condition 1.In the mechanism-focused test: captions shown before viewing moves from 58 to 46 interpretations.In the mechanism-focused test: At baseline the conditions differ by 24 interpretations.In the mechanism-focused test: captions shown after viewing rises at every measurement, from 34 interpretations at baseline to 59 interpretations at follow-up.

Correct answerIn the mechanism-focused test: captions shown after viewing rises at every measurement, from 34 interpretations at baseline to 59 interpretations at follow-up.

Evidence audit

Official skill: Command of Evidence
Subtype: Quantitative
Topic: 3-9 · Evidence for Scientific Conclusions
Direction: Support

Claim

The team claims that captions shown after viewing shows a sustained increase in distinct interpretations from baseline through follow-up.

Relevant evidence

In the mechanism-focused test: captions shown after viewing rises at every measurement, from 34 interpretations at baseline to 59 interpretations at follow-up.

Relevant data

captions shown after viewing: 34, 41, 50, 59 interpretations
captions shown before viewing: 58, 54, 50, 46 interpretations

Why it bears on the claim

The selected values directly support the claim using the correct categories, series, and units.

Explanation

In the mechanism-focused test: captions shown after viewing rises at every measurement, from 34 interpretations at baseline to 59 interpretations at follow-up. This comparison directly addresses the relationship and scope specified in the claim.

Read the claim first
The team claims that captions shown after viewing shows a sustained increase in distinct interpretations from baseline through follow-up.
Locate exact values
captions shown after viewing: 34, 41, 50, 59 interpretations; captions shown before viewing: 58, 54, 50, 46 interpretations
Match evidence to direction
The prompt asks for evidence that supports the claim; the key does so without changing categories, series, time, or units.

Question 30 of 50

Question 30

Medium

Passage

the folded map

In a hypothetical literature investigation of Kavi in an original story, researchers recorded the original synthetic data shown in the table. The fictional team treats the two conditions as a focused comparison for evaluating its scientific hypothesis, without claiming that the data prove causation. The team claims that asking Leena to redraw the route remains below insisting on his damaged map through follow-up for willingness to revise a plan.

Which choice most effectively uses data from the graphic to challenge the team's claim?

the folded map: synthetic willingness to revise a plan (actions)
Measurement	asking Leena to redraw the route	insisting on his damaged map
Baseline	21	45
Condition 1	29	41
Condition 2	39	37
Follow-up	49	33

All values are from an original fictional dataset created for this question.

In the mechanism-focused test: insisting on his damaged map changes from 45 to 33 actions.In the mechanism-focused test: The two conditions differ by 24 actions at baseline.In the mechanism-focused test: At follow-up, asking Leena to redraw the route is 49 actions, which is above insisting on his damaged map at 33 actions.In the mechanism-focused test: At baseline, asking Leena to redraw the route is 21 actions, below insisting on his damaged map at 45 actions.

Correct answerIn the mechanism-focused test: At follow-up, asking Leena to redraw the route is 49 actions, which is above insisting on his damaged map at 33 actions.

Evidence audit

Official skill: Command of Evidence
Subtype: Quantitative
Topic: 3-9 · Evidence for Scientific Conclusions
Direction: Challenge

Claim

The team claims that asking Leena to redraw the route remains below insisting on his damaged map through follow-up for willingness to revise a plan.

Relevant evidence

In the mechanism-focused test: At follow-up, asking Leena to redraw the route is 49 actions, which is above insisting on his damaged map at 33 actions.

Relevant data

asking Leena to redraw the route: 21, 29, 39, 49 actions
insisting on his damaged map: 45, 41, 37, 33 actions

Why it bears on the claim

The selected values directly challenge the claim using the correct categories, series, and units.

Explanation

In the mechanism-focused test: At follow-up, asking Leena to redraw the route is 49 actions, which is above insisting on his damaged map at 33 actions. This comparison directly addresses the relationship and scope specified in the claim.

Read the claim first
The team claims that asking Leena to redraw the route remains below insisting on his damaged map through follow-up for willingness to revise a plan.
Locate exact values
asking Leena to redraw the route: 21, 29, 39, 49 actions; insisting on his damaged map: 45, 41, 37, 33 actions
Match evidence to direction
The prompt asks for evidence that challenges the claim; the key does so without changing categories, series, time, or units.

Question 31 of 50

Question 31

Medium

Passage

quiet turbine edge

In a hypothetical science investigation of model turbine blades, researchers recorded the original synthetic data shown in the bar graph. The fictional team treats the two conditions as a focused comparison for evaluating its scientific hypothesis, without claiming that the data prove causation. The team claims that textured trailing edges exceeds plain trailing edges in noise reduction by follow-up.

Which choice most effectively uses data from the graphic to support the team's claim?

quiet turbine edge: synthetic noise reductionA bar graph showing four measurements for textured trailing edges and plain trailing edges. Exact values are available in the data table below the graph.

textured trailing edges
plain trailing edges

View chart data

Series	Measurement	noise reduction
textured trailing edges	Baseline	28
textured trailing edges	Condition 1	32
textured trailing edges	Condition 2	38
textured trailing edges	Follow-up	44
plain trailing edges	Baseline	52
plain trailing edges	Condition 1	48
plain trailing edges	Condition 2	44
plain trailing edges	Follow-up	40

In the mechanism-focused test: At follow-up, textured trailing edges reaches 44 dB, exceeding plain trailing edges at 40 dB.In the mechanism-focused test: At baseline, plain trailing edges is 52 dB and textured trailing edges is 28 dB.In the mechanism-focused test: plain trailing edges records 44 dB at Condition 2.In the mechanism-focused test: textured trailing edges records 38 dB at Condition 2, compared with its own baseline of 28 dB.

Correct answerIn the mechanism-focused test: At follow-up, textured trailing edges reaches 44 dB, exceeding plain trailing edges at 40 dB.

Evidence audit

Official skill: Command of Evidence
Subtype: Quantitative
Topic: 3-9 · Evidence for Scientific Conclusions
Direction: Support

Claim

The team claims that textured trailing edges exceeds plain trailing edges in noise reduction by follow-up.

Relevant evidence

In the mechanism-focused test: At follow-up, textured trailing edges reaches 44 dB, exceeding plain trailing edges at 40 dB.

Relevant data

textured trailing edges: 28, 32, 38, 44 dB
plain trailing edges: 52, 48, 44, 40 dB

Why it bears on the claim

The selected values directly support the claim using the correct categories, series, and units.

Explanation

In the mechanism-focused test: At follow-up, textured trailing edges reaches 44 dB, exceeding plain trailing edges at 40 dB. This comparison directly addresses the relationship and scope specified in the claim.

Read the claim first
The team claims that textured trailing edges exceeds plain trailing edges in noise reduction by follow-up.
Locate exact values
textured trailing edges: 28, 32, 38, 44 dB; plain trailing edges: 52, 48, 44, 40 dB
Match evidence to direction
The prompt asks for evidence that supports the claim; the key does so without changing categories, series, time, or units.

Question 32 of 50

Question 32

Medium

Passage

library collection boxes

In a hypothetical history social studies investigation of neighborhood residents, researchers recorded the original synthetic data shown in the bar graph. The fictional team treats the two conditions as a focused comparison for evaluating its scientific hypothesis, without claiming that the data prove causation. The team claims that comment boxes in libraries changes more across the measurement period than a city-hall-only box.

Which choice most effectively uses data from the graphic to illustrate the stated point?

library collection boxes: synthetic postal codes representedA bar graph showing four measurements for comment boxes in libraries and a city-hall-only box. Exact values are available in the data table below the graph.

comment boxes in libraries
a city-hall-only box

View chart data

Series	Measurement	postal codes represented
comment boxes in libraries	Baseline	35
comment boxes in libraries	Condition 1	40
comment boxes in libraries	Condition 2	47
comment boxes in libraries	Follow-up	54
a city-hall-only box	Baseline	59
a city-hall-only box	Condition 1	55
a city-hall-only box	Condition 2	51
a city-hall-only box	Follow-up	47

In the mechanism-focused test: At baseline, the two values sum to 94 codes.In the mechanism-focused test: comment boxes in libraries changes by 19 codes, while a city-hall-only box changes by 12 codes in the opposite direction.In the mechanism-focused test: At Condition 2, the values are 47 and 51 codes.In the mechanism-focused test: a city-hall-only box ends at 47 codes.

Correct answerIn the mechanism-focused test: comment boxes in libraries changes by 19 codes, while a city-hall-only box changes by 12 codes in the opposite direction.

Evidence audit

Official skill: Command of Evidence
Subtype: Quantitative
Topic: 3-9 · Evidence for Scientific Conclusions
Direction: Illustrate

Claim

The team claims that comment boxes in libraries changes more across the measurement period than a city-hall-only box.

Relevant evidence

In the mechanism-focused test: comment boxes in libraries changes by 19 codes, while a city-hall-only box changes by 12 codes in the opposite direction.

Relevant data

comment boxes in libraries: 35, 40, 47, 54 codes
a city-hall-only box: 59, 55, 51, 47 codes

Why it bears on the claim

The selected values directly illustrate the claim using the correct categories, series, and units.

Explanation

In the mechanism-focused test: comment boxes in libraries changes by 19 codes, while a city-hall-only box changes by 12 codes in the opposite direction. This comparison directly addresses the relationship and scope specified in the claim.

Read the claim first
The team claims that comment boxes in libraries changes more across the measurement period than a city-hall-only box.
Locate exact values
comment boxes in libraries: 35, 40, 47, 54 codes; a city-hall-only box: 59, 55, 51, 47 codes
Match evidence to direction
The prompt asks for evidence that illustrates the claim; the key does so without changing categories, series, time, or units.

Question 33 of 50

Question 33

Medium

Passage

tool-mark ceramics

In a hypothetical humanities investigation of ceramic fragments, researchers recorded the original synthetic data shown in the bar graph. The fictional team treats the two conditions as a focused comparison for evaluating its scientific hypothesis, without claiming that the data prove causation. The team claims that organization by tool marks shows a sustained increase in cross-vessel matches from baseline through follow-up.

Which choice most effectively uses data from the graphic to support the team's claim?

tool-mark ceramics: synthetic cross-vessel matchesA bar graph showing four measurements for organization by tool marks and organization by color. Exact values are available in the data table below the graph.

organization by tool marks
organization by color

View chart data

Series	Measurement	cross-vessel matches
organization by tool marks	Baseline	22
organization by tool marks	Condition 1	28
organization by tool marks	Condition 2	36
organization by tool marks	Follow-up	44
organization by color	Baseline	46
organization by color	Condition 1	42
organization by color	Condition 2	38
organization by color	Follow-up	34

In the mechanism-focused test: organization by tool marks rises at every measurement, from 22 matches at baseline to 44 matches at follow-up.In the mechanism-focused test: organization by tool marks is 28 matches at Condition 1.In the mechanism-focused test: organization by color moves from 46 to 34 matches.In the mechanism-focused test: At baseline the conditions differ by 24 matches.

Correct answerIn the mechanism-focused test: organization by tool marks rises at every measurement, from 22 matches at baseline to 44 matches at follow-up.

Evidence audit

Official skill: Command of Evidence
Subtype: Quantitative
Topic: 3-9 · Evidence for Scientific Conclusions
Direction: Support

Claim

The team claims that organization by tool marks shows a sustained increase in cross-vessel matches from baseline through follow-up.

Relevant evidence

In the mechanism-focused test: organization by tool marks rises at every measurement, from 22 matches at baseline to 44 matches at follow-up.

Relevant data

organization by tool marks: 22, 28, 36, 44 matches
organization by color: 46, 42, 38, 34 matches

Why it bears on the claim

The selected values directly support the claim using the correct categories, series, and units.

Explanation

In the mechanism-focused test: organization by tool marks rises at every measurement, from 22 matches at baseline to 44 matches at follow-up. This comparison directly addresses the relationship and scope specified in the claim.

Read the claim first
The team claims that organization by tool marks shows a sustained increase in cross-vessel matches from baseline through follow-up.
Locate exact values
organization by tool marks: 22, 28, 36, 44 matches; organization by color: 46, 42, 38, 34 matches
Match evidence to direction
The prompt asks for evidence that supports the claim; the key does so without changing categories, series, time, or units.

Question 34 of 50

Question 34

Medium

Passage

the penciled recipe

In a hypothetical literature investigation of Inez in an original story, researchers recorded the original synthetic data shown in the bar graph. The fictional team treats the two conditions as a focused comparison for evaluating its scientific hypothesis, without claiming that the data prove causation. The team claims that the gap in adaptation without erasure between adding a substitute in pencil and erasing the original line narrows across the four measurements.

Which choice most effectively uses data from the graphic to support the team's claim?

the penciled recipe: synthetic adaptation without erasureA bar graph showing four measurements for adding a substitute in pencil and erasing the original line. Exact values are available in the data table below the graph.

adding a substitute in pencil
erasing the original line

View chart data

Series	Measurement	adaptation without erasure
adding a substitute in pencil	Baseline	29
adding a substitute in pencil	Condition 1	36
adding a substitute in pencil	Condition 2	45
adding a substitute in pencil	Follow-up	54
erasing the original line	Baseline	53
erasing the original line	Condition 1	49
erasing the original line	Condition 2	45
erasing the original line	Follow-up	41

In the mechanism-focused test: The conditions total 95 details at follow-up.In the mechanism-focused test: The conditions' gap narrows from 24 details at baseline to 13 details at follow-up.In the mechanism-focused test: At Condition 1, the values are 36 and 49 details.In the mechanism-focused test: erasing the original line decreases by 12 details.

Correct answerIn the mechanism-focused test: The conditions' gap narrows from 24 details at baseline to 13 details at follow-up.

Evidence audit

Official skill: Command of Evidence
Subtype: Quantitative
Topic: 3-9 · Evidence for Scientific Conclusions
Direction: Support

Claim

The team claims that the gap in adaptation without erasure between adding a substitute in pencil and erasing the original line narrows across the four measurements.

Relevant evidence

In the mechanism-focused test: The conditions' gap narrows from 24 details at baseline to 13 details at follow-up.

Relevant data

adding a substitute in pencil: 29, 36, 45, 54 details
erasing the original line: 53, 49, 45, 41 details

Why it bears on the claim

The selected values directly support the claim using the correct categories, series, and units.

Explanation

In the mechanism-focused test: The conditions' gap narrows from 24 details at baseline to 13 details at follow-up. This comparison directly addresses the relationship and scope specified in the claim.

Read the claim first
The team claims that the gap in adaptation without erasure between adding a substitute in pencil and erasing the original line narrows across the four measurements.
Locate exact values
adding a substitute in pencil: 29, 36, 45, 54 details; erasing the original line: 53, 49, 45, 41 details
Match evidence to direction
The prompt asks for evidence that supports the claim; the key does so without changing categories, series, time, or units.

Question 35 of 50

Question 35

Medium

Passage

alternating irrigation

In a hypothetical science investigation of greenhouse roots, researchers recorded the original synthetic data shown in the bar graph. The fictional team treats the two conditions as a focused comparison for evaluating its scientific hypothesis, without claiming that the data prove causation. The team claims that less frequent deep watering remains below daily shallow watering through follow-up for root depth.

Which choice most effectively uses data from the graphic to challenge the team's claim?

alternating irrigation: synthetic root depthA bar graph showing four measurements for less frequent deep watering and daily shallow watering. Exact values are available in the data table below the graph.

less frequent deep watering
daily shallow watering

View chart data

Series	Measurement	root depth
less frequent deep watering	Baseline	36
less frequent deep watering	Condition 1	44
less frequent deep watering	Condition 2	54
less frequent deep watering	Follow-up	64
daily shallow watering	Baseline	60
daily shallow watering	Condition 1	56
daily shallow watering	Condition 2	52
daily shallow watering	Follow-up	48

In the mechanism-focused test: At baseline, less frequent deep watering is 36 cm, below daily shallow watering at 60 cm.In the mechanism-focused test: daily shallow watering changes from 60 to 48 cm.In the mechanism-focused test: The two conditions differ by 24 cm at baseline.In the mechanism-focused test: At follow-up, less frequent deep watering is 64 cm, which is above daily shallow watering at 48 cm.

Correct answerIn the mechanism-focused test: At follow-up, less frequent deep watering is 64 cm, which is above daily shallow watering at 48 cm.

Evidence audit

Official skill: Command of Evidence
Subtype: Quantitative
Topic: 3-9 · Evidence for Scientific Conclusions
Direction: Challenge

Claim

The team claims that less frequent deep watering remains below daily shallow watering through follow-up for root depth.

Relevant evidence

In the mechanism-focused test: At follow-up, less frequent deep watering is 64 cm, which is above daily shallow watering at 48 cm.

Relevant data

less frequent deep watering: 36, 44, 54, 64 cm
daily shallow watering: 60, 56, 52, 48 cm

Why it bears on the claim

The selected values directly challenge the claim using the correct categories, series, and units.

Explanation

In the mechanism-focused test: At follow-up, less frequent deep watering is 64 cm, which is above daily shallow watering at 48 cm. This comparison directly addresses the relationship and scope specified in the claim.

Read the claim first
The team claims that less frequent deep watering remains below daily shallow watering through follow-up for root depth.
Locate exact values
less frequent deep watering: 36, 44, 54, 64 cm; daily shallow watering: 60, 56, 52, 48 cm
Match evidence to direction
The prompt asks for evidence that challenges the claim; the key does so without changing categories, series, time, or units.

Question 36 of 50

Question 36

Medium

Passage

staggered council vote

In a hypothetical history social studies investigation of service employees, researchers recorded the original synthetic data shown in the bar graph. The fictional team treats the two conditions as a focused comparison for evaluating its scientific hypothesis, without claiming that the data prove causation. The team claims that after-work voting changes more across the measurement period than noon-only voting.

Which choice most effectively uses data from the graphic to support the team's claim?

staggered council vote: synthetic participationA bar graph showing four measurements for after-work voting and noon-only voting. Exact values are available in the data table below the graph.

after-work voting
noon-only voting

View chart data

Series	Measurement	participation
after-work voting	Baseline	23
after-work voting	Condition 1	27
after-work voting	Condition 2	33
after-work voting	Follow-up	39
noon-only voting	Baseline	47
noon-only voting	Condition 1	43
noon-only voting	Condition 2	39
noon-only voting	Follow-up	35

In the mechanism-focused test: noon-only voting ends at 35 voters.In the mechanism-focused test: At baseline, the two values sum to 70 voters.In the mechanism-focused test: after-work voting changes by 16 voters, while noon-only voting changes by 12 voters in the opposite direction.In the mechanism-focused test: At Condition 2, the values are 33 and 39 voters.

Correct answerIn the mechanism-focused test: after-work voting changes by 16 voters, while noon-only voting changes by 12 voters in the opposite direction.

Evidence audit

Official skill: Command of Evidence
Subtype: Quantitative
Topic: 3-9 · Evidence for Scientific Conclusions
Direction: Support

Claim

The team claims that after-work voting changes more across the measurement period than noon-only voting.

Relevant evidence

In the mechanism-focused test: after-work voting changes by 16 voters, while noon-only voting changes by 12 voters in the opposite direction.

Relevant data

after-work voting: 23, 27, 33, 39 voters
noon-only voting: 47, 43, 39, 35 voters

Why it bears on the claim

The selected values directly support the claim using the correct categories, series, and units.

Explanation

In the mechanism-focused test: after-work voting changes by 16 voters, while noon-only voting changes by 12 voters in the opposite direction. This comparison directly addresses the relationship and scope specified in the claim.

Read the claim first
The team claims that after-work voting changes more across the measurement period than noon-only voting.
Locate exact values
after-work voting: 23, 27, 33, 39 voters; noon-only voting: 47, 43, 39, 35 voters
Match evidence to direction
The prompt asks for evidence that supports the claim; the key does so without changing categories, series, time, or units.

Question 37 of 50

Question 37

Medium

Passage

full-page playbills

In a hypothetical humanities investigation of theater historians, researchers recorded the original synthetic data shown in the bar graph. The fictional team treats the two conditions as a focused comparison for evaluating its scientific hypothesis, without claiming that the data prove causation. The team claims that digitized page margins shows a sustained increase in casting links identified from baseline through follow-up.

Which choice most effectively uses data from the graphic to support the team's claim?

full-page playbills: synthetic casting links identifiedA bar graph showing four measurements for digitized page margins and cropped central text. Exact values are available in the data table below the graph.

digitized page margins
cropped central text

View chart data

Series	Measurement	casting links identified
digitized page margins	Baseline	30
digitized page margins	Condition 1	35
digitized page margins	Condition 2	42
digitized page margins	Follow-up	49
cropped central text	Baseline	54
cropped central text	Condition 1	50
cropped central text	Condition 2	46
cropped central text	Follow-up	42

In the mechanism-focused test: cropped central text moves from 54 to 42 links.In the mechanism-focused test: At baseline the conditions differ by 24 links.In the mechanism-focused test: digitized page margins rises at every measurement, from 30 links at baseline to 49 links at follow-up.In the mechanism-focused test: digitized page margins is 35 links at Condition 1.

Correct answerIn the mechanism-focused test: digitized page margins rises at every measurement, from 30 links at baseline to 49 links at follow-up.

Evidence audit

Official skill: Command of Evidence
Subtype: Quantitative
Topic: 3-9 · Evidence for Scientific Conclusions
Direction: Support

Claim

The team claims that digitized page margins shows a sustained increase in casting links identified from baseline through follow-up.

Relevant evidence

In the mechanism-focused test: digitized page margins rises at every measurement, from 30 links at baseline to 49 links at follow-up.

Relevant data

digitized page margins: 30, 35, 42, 49 links
cropped central text: 54, 50, 46, 42 links

Why it bears on the claim

The selected values directly support the claim using the correct categories, series, and units.

Explanation

In the mechanism-focused test: digitized page margins rises at every measurement, from 30 links at baseline to 49 links at follow-up. This comparison directly addresses the relationship and scope specified in the claim.

Read the claim first
The team claims that digitized page margins shows a sustained increase in casting links identified from baseline through follow-up.
Locate exact values
digitized page margins: 30, 35, 42, 49 links; cropped central text: 54, 50, 46, 42 links
Match evidence to direction
The prompt asks for evidence that supports the claim; the key does so without changing categories, series, time, or units.

Question 38 of 50

Question 38

Medium

Passage

the second draft

In a hypothetical literature investigation of Yara in an original story, researchers recorded the original synthetic data shown in the bar graph. The fictional team treats the two conditions as a focused comparison for evaluating its scientific hypothesis, without claiming that the data prove causation. The team claims that the gap in willingness to teach revision between showing a crossed-out draft and showing only the final poem narrows across the four measurements.

Which choice most effectively uses data from the graphic to support the team's claim?

the second draft: synthetic willingness to teach revisionA bar graph showing four measurements for showing a crossed-out draft and showing only the final poem. Exact values are available in the data table below the graph.

showing a crossed-out draft
showing only the final poem

View chart data

Series	Measurement	willingness to teach revision
showing a crossed-out draft	Baseline	37
showing a crossed-out draft	Condition 1	43
showing a crossed-out draft	Condition 2	51
showing a crossed-out draft	Follow-up	59
showing only the final poem	Baseline	61
showing only the final poem	Condition 1	57
showing only the final poem	Condition 2	53
showing only the final poem	Follow-up	49

In the mechanism-focused test: At Condition 1, the values are 43 and 57 actions.In the mechanism-focused test: showing only the final poem decreases by 12 actions.In the mechanism-focused test: The conditions total 108 actions at follow-up.In the mechanism-focused test: The conditions' gap narrows from 24 actions at baseline to 10 actions at follow-up.

Correct answerIn the mechanism-focused test: The conditions' gap narrows from 24 actions at baseline to 10 actions at follow-up.

Evidence audit

Official skill: Command of Evidence
Subtype: Quantitative
Topic: 3-9 · Evidence for Scientific Conclusions
Direction: Support

Claim

The team claims that the gap in willingness to teach revision between showing a crossed-out draft and showing only the final poem narrows across the four measurements.

Relevant evidence

In the mechanism-focused test: The conditions' gap narrows from 24 actions at baseline to 10 actions at follow-up.

Relevant data

showing a crossed-out draft: 37, 43, 51, 59 actions
showing only the final poem: 61, 57, 53, 49 actions

Why it bears on the claim

The selected values directly support the claim using the correct categories, series, and units.

Explanation

In the mechanism-focused test: The conditions' gap narrows from 24 actions at baseline to 10 actions at follow-up. This comparison directly addresses the relationship and scope specified in the claim.

Read the claim first
The team claims that the gap in willingness to teach revision between showing a crossed-out draft and showing only the final poem narrows across the four measurements.
Locate exact values
showing a crossed-out draft: 37, 43, 51, 59 actions; showing only the final poem: 61, 57, 53, 49 actions
Match evidence to direction
The prompt asks for evidence that supports the claim; the key does so without changing categories, series, time, or units.

Question 39 of 50

Question 39

Medium

Passage

reef vehicle lamps

In a hypothetical science investigation of deep-reef light sensors, researchers recorded the original synthetic data shown in the bar graph. The fictional team treats the two conditions as a focused comparison for evaluating its scientific hypothesis, without claiming that the data prove causation. The team claims that uncovered vehicle lamps exceeds covered lamps in recorded light spikes by follow-up.

Which choice most effectively uses data from the graphic to illustrate the stated point?

reef vehicle lamps: synthetic recorded light spikesA bar graph showing four measurements for uncovered vehicle lamps and covered lamps. Exact values are available in the data table below the graph.

uncovered vehicle lamps
covered lamps

View chart data

Series	Measurement	recorded light spikes
uncovered vehicle lamps	Baseline	24
uncovered vehicle lamps	Condition 1	31
uncovered vehicle lamps	Condition 2	40
uncovered vehicle lamps	Follow-up	49
covered lamps	Baseline	48
covered lamps	Condition 1	44
covered lamps	Condition 2	40
covered lamps	Follow-up	36

In the mechanism-focused test: uncovered vehicle lamps records 40 spikes at Condition 2, compared with its own baseline of 24 spikes.In the mechanism-focused test: At follow-up, uncovered vehicle lamps reaches 49 spikes, exceeding covered lamps at 36 spikes.In the mechanism-focused test: At baseline, covered lamps is 48 spikes and uncovered vehicle lamps is 24 spikes.In the mechanism-focused test: covered lamps records 40 spikes at Condition 2.

Correct answerIn the mechanism-focused test: At follow-up, uncovered vehicle lamps reaches 49 spikes, exceeding covered lamps at 36 spikes.

Evidence audit

Official skill: Command of Evidence
Subtype: Quantitative
Topic: 3-9 · Evidence for Scientific Conclusions
Direction: Illustrate

Claim

The team claims that uncovered vehicle lamps exceeds covered lamps in recorded light spikes by follow-up.

Relevant evidence

In the mechanism-focused test: At follow-up, uncovered vehicle lamps reaches 49 spikes, exceeding covered lamps at 36 spikes.

Relevant data

uncovered vehicle lamps: 24, 31, 40, 49 spikes
covered lamps: 48, 44, 40, 36 spikes

Why it bears on the claim

The selected values directly illustrate the claim using the correct categories, series, and units.

Explanation

In the mechanism-focused test: At follow-up, uncovered vehicle lamps reaches 49 spikes, exceeding covered lamps at 36 spikes. This comparison directly addresses the relationship and scope specified in the claim.

Read the claim first
The team claims that uncovered vehicle lamps exceeds covered lamps in recorded light spikes by follow-up.
Locate exact values
uncovered vehicle lamps: 24, 31, 40, 49 spikes; covered lamps: 48, 44, 40, 36 spikes
Match evidence to direction
The prompt asks for evidence that illustrates the claim; the key does so without changing categories, series, time, or units.

Question 40 of 50

Question 40

Medium

Passage

late museum hours

In a hypothetical history social studies investigation of shift workers, researchers recorded the original synthetic data shown in the bar graph. The fictional team treats the two conditions as a focused comparison for evaluating its scientific hypothesis, without claiming that the data prove causation. The team claims that late museum hours remains below daytime-only hours through follow-up for weekday visits.

Which choice most effectively uses data from the graphic to challenge the team's claim?

late museum hours: synthetic weekday visitsA bar graph showing four measurements for late museum hours and daytime-only hours. Exact values are available in the data table below the graph.

late museum hours
daytime-only hours

View chart data

Series	Measurement	weekday visits
late museum hours	Baseline	31
late museum hours	Condition 1	39
late museum hours	Condition 2	49
late museum hours	Follow-up	59
daytime-only hours	Baseline	55
daytime-only hours	Condition 1	51
daytime-only hours	Condition 2	47
daytime-only hours	Follow-up	43

In the mechanism-focused test: At follow-up, late museum hours is 59 visits, which is above daytime-only hours at 43 visits.In the mechanism-focused test: At baseline, late museum hours is 31 visits, below daytime-only hours at 55 visits.In the mechanism-focused test: daytime-only hours changes from 55 to 43 visits.In the mechanism-focused test: The two conditions differ by 24 visits at baseline.

Correct answerIn the mechanism-focused test: At follow-up, late museum hours is 59 visits, which is above daytime-only hours at 43 visits.

Evidence audit

Official skill: Command of Evidence
Subtype: Quantitative
Topic: 3-9 · Evidence for Scientific Conclusions
Direction: Challenge

Claim

The team claims that late museum hours remains below daytime-only hours through follow-up for weekday visits.

Relevant evidence

In the mechanism-focused test: At follow-up, late museum hours is 59 visits, which is above daytime-only hours at 43 visits.

Relevant data

late museum hours: 31, 39, 49, 59 visits
daytime-only hours: 55, 51, 47, 43 visits

Why it bears on the claim

The selected values directly challenge the claim using the correct categories, series, and units.

Explanation

In the mechanism-focused test: At follow-up, late museum hours is 59 visits, which is above daytime-only hours at 43 visits. This comparison directly addresses the relationship and scope specified in the claim.

Read the claim first
The team claims that late museum hours remains below daytime-only hours through follow-up for weekday visits.
Locate exact values
late museum hours: 31, 39, 49, 59 visits; daytime-only hours: 55, 51, 47, 43 visits
Match evidence to direction
The prompt asks for evidence that challenges the claim; the key does so without changing categories, series, time, or units.

Question 41 of 50

Question 41

Hard

Passage

color-themed archive

In a hypothetical humanities investigation of design researchers, researchers recorded the original synthetic data shown in the line graph. The fictional team treats the two conditions as a focused comparison for evaluating its scientific hypothesis, without claiming that the data prove causation. The team claims that a color-based index shows a sustained increase in cross-period connections from baseline through follow-up.

Which choice most effectively uses data from the graphic to support the team's claim?

color-themed archive: synthetic cross-period connectionsA line graph showing four measurements for a color-based index and a date-based index. Exact values are available in the data table below the graph.

a color-based index
a date-based index

View chart data

Series	Measurement	cross-period connections
a color-based index	Baseline	18
a color-based index	Condition 1	22
a color-based index	Condition 2	28
a color-based index	Follow-up	34
a date-based index	Baseline	42
a date-based index	Condition 1	38
a date-based index	Condition 2	34
a date-based index	Follow-up	30

In the mechanism-focused test: At baseline the conditions differ by 24 connections.In the mechanism-focused test: a color-based index rises at every measurement, from 18 connections at baseline to 34 connections at follow-up.In the mechanism-focused test: a color-based index is 22 connections at Condition 1.In the mechanism-focused test: a date-based index moves from 42 to 30 connections.

Correct answerIn the mechanism-focused test: a color-based index rises at every measurement, from 18 connections at baseline to 34 connections at follow-up.

Evidence audit

Official skill: Command of Evidence
Subtype: Quantitative
Topic: 3-9 · Evidence for Scientific Conclusions
Direction: Support

Claim

The team claims that a color-based index shows a sustained increase in cross-period connections from baseline through follow-up.

Relevant evidence

In the mechanism-focused test: a color-based index rises at every measurement, from 18 connections at baseline to 34 connections at follow-up.

Relevant data

a color-based index: 18, 22, 28, 34 connections
a date-based index: 42, 38, 34, 30 connections

Why it bears on the claim

The selected values directly support the claim using the correct categories, series, and units.

Explanation

In the mechanism-focused test: a color-based index rises at every measurement, from 18 connections at baseline to 34 connections at follow-up. This comparison directly addresses the relationship and scope specified in the claim.

Read the claim first
The team claims that a color-based index shows a sustained increase in cross-period connections from baseline through follow-up.
Locate exact values
a color-based index: 18, 22, 28, 34 connections; a date-based index: 42, 38, 34, 30 connections
Match evidence to direction
The prompt asks for evidence that supports the claim; the key does so without changing categories, series, time, or units.

Question 42 of 50

Question 42

Hard

Passage

the cracked bell

In a hypothetical literature investigation of Sami in an original story, researchers recorded the original synthetic data shown in the line graph. The fictional team treats the two conditions as a focused comparison for evaluating its scientific hypothesis, without claiming that the data prove causation. The team claims that the gap in revaluation of imperfection between rehanging the rough-toned bell and keeping it silent narrows across the four measurements.

Which choice most effectively uses data from the graphic to support the team's claim?

the cracked bell: synthetic revaluation of imperfectionA line graph showing four measurements for rehanging the rough-toned bell and keeping it silent. Exact values are available in the data table below the graph.

rehanging the rough-toned bell
keeping it silent

View chart data

Series	Measurement	revaluation of imperfection
rehanging the rough-toned bell	Baseline	25
rehanging the rough-toned bell	Condition 1	30
rehanging the rough-toned bell	Condition 2	37
rehanging the rough-toned bell	Follow-up	44
keeping it silent	Baseline	49
keeping it silent	Condition 1	45
keeping it silent	Condition 2	41
keeping it silent	Follow-up	37

In the mechanism-focused test: keeping it silent decreases by 12 choices.In the mechanism-focused test: The conditions total 81 choices at follow-up.In the mechanism-focused test: The conditions' gap narrows from 24 choices at baseline to 7 choices at follow-up.In the mechanism-focused test: At Condition 1, the values are 30 and 45 choices.

Correct answerIn the mechanism-focused test: The conditions' gap narrows from 24 choices at baseline to 7 choices at follow-up.

Evidence audit

Official skill: Command of Evidence
Subtype: Quantitative
Topic: 3-9 · Evidence for Scientific Conclusions
Direction: Support

Claim

The team claims that the gap in revaluation of imperfection between rehanging the rough-toned bell and keeping it silent narrows across the four measurements.

Relevant evidence

In the mechanism-focused test: The conditions' gap narrows from 24 choices at baseline to 7 choices at follow-up.

Relevant data

rehanging the rough-toned bell: 25, 30, 37, 44 choices
keeping it silent: 49, 45, 41, 37 choices

Why it bears on the claim

The selected values directly support the claim using the correct categories, series, and units.

Explanation

In the mechanism-focused test: The conditions' gap narrows from 24 choices at baseline to 7 choices at follow-up. This comparison directly addresses the relationship and scope specified in the claim.

Read the claim first
The team claims that the gap in revaluation of imperfection between rehanging the rough-toned bell and keeping it silent narrows across the four measurements.
Locate exact values
rehanging the rough-toned bell: 25, 30, 37, 44 choices; keeping it silent: 49, 45, 41, 37 choices
Match evidence to direction
The prompt asks for evidence that supports the claim; the key does so without changing categories, series, time, or units.

Question 43 of 50

Question 43

Hard

Passage

rooftop soil depth

In a hypothetical science investigation of rooftop plants, researchers recorded the original synthetic data shown in the line graph. The fictional team treats the two conditions as a focused comparison for evaluating its scientific hypothesis, without claiming that the data prove causation. The team claims that deeper soil exceeds shallow soil in living leaves after drought by follow-up.

Which choice most effectively uses data from the graphic to support the team's claim?

rooftop soil depth: synthetic living leaves after droughtA line graph showing four measurements for deeper soil and shallow soil. Exact values are available in the data table below the graph.

deeper soil
shallow soil

View chart data

Series	Measurement	living leaves after drought
deeper soil	Baseline	32
deeper soil	Condition 1	38
deeper soil	Condition 2	46
deeper soil	Follow-up	54
shallow soil	Baseline	56
shallow soil	Condition 1	52
shallow soil	Condition 2	48
shallow soil	Follow-up	44

In the mechanism-focused test: At follow-up, deeper soil reaches 54 %, exceeding shallow soil at 44 %.In the mechanism-focused test: At baseline, shallow soil is 56 % and deeper soil is 32 %.In the mechanism-focused test: shallow soil records 48 % at Condition 2.In the mechanism-focused test: deeper soil records 46 % at Condition 2, compared with its own baseline of 32 %.

Question 44 of 50

Question 44

Hard

Passage

community workshop timing

In a hypothetical history social studies investigation of full-time workers, researchers recorded the original synthetic data shown in the line graph. The fictional team treats the two conditions as a focused comparison for evaluating its scientific hypothesis, without claiming that the data prove causation. The team claims that Saturday workshops changes more across the measurement period than weekday-morning workshops.

Which choice most effectively uses data from the graphic to support the team's claim?

community workshop timing: synthetic registrationsA line graph showing four measurements for Saturday workshops and weekday-morning workshops. Exact values are available in the data table below the graph.

Saturday workshops
weekday-morning workshops

View chart data

Series	Measurement	registrations
Saturday workshops	Baseline	19
Saturday workshops	Condition 1	26
Saturday workshops	Condition 2	35
Saturday workshops	Follow-up	44
weekday-morning workshops	Baseline	43
weekday-morning workshops	Condition 1	39
weekday-morning workshops	Condition 2	35
weekday-morning workshops	Follow-up	31

In the mechanism-focused test: At Condition 2, the values are 35 and 35 people.In the mechanism-focused test: weekday-morning workshops ends at 31 people.In the mechanism-focused test: At baseline, the two values sum to 62 people.In the mechanism-focused test: Saturday workshops changes by 25 people, while weekday-morning workshops changes by 12 people in the opposite direction.

Correct answerIn the mechanism-focused test: Saturday workshops changes by 25 people, while weekday-morning workshops changes by 12 people in the opposite direction.

Evidence audit

Official skill: Command of Evidence
Subtype: Quantitative
Topic: 3-9 · Evidence for Scientific Conclusions
Direction: Support

Claim

The team claims that Saturday workshops changes more across the measurement period than weekday-morning workshops.

Relevant evidence

In the mechanism-focused test: Saturday workshops changes by 25 people, while weekday-morning workshops changes by 12 people in the opposite direction.

Relevant data

Saturday workshops: 19, 26, 35, 44 people
weekday-morning workshops: 43, 39, 35, 31 people

Why it bears on the claim

The selected values directly support the claim using the correct categories, series, and units.

Explanation

In the mechanism-focused test: Saturday workshops changes by 25 people, while weekday-morning workshops changes by 12 people in the opposite direction. This comparison directly addresses the relationship and scope specified in the claim.

Read the claim first
The team claims that Saturday workshops changes more across the measurement period than weekday-morning workshops.
Locate exact values
Saturday workshops: 19, 26, 35, 44 people; weekday-morning workshops: 43, 39, 35, 31 people
Match evidence to direction
The prompt asks for evidence that supports the claim; the key does so without changing categories, series, time, or units.

Question 45 of 50

Question 45

Hard

Passage

wet-ramp traction

In a hypothetical science investigation of delivery robots on wet ramps, researchers recorded the original synthetic data shown in the line graph. The fictional team treats the two conditions as a focused comparison for evaluating its scientific hypothesis, without claiming that the data prove causation. The team claims that textured wheel bands remains below smooth wheel bands through follow-up for successful climbs.

Which choice most effectively uses data from the graphic to challenge the team's claim?

wet-ramp traction: synthetic successful climbsA line graph showing four measurements for textured wheel bands and smooth wheel bands. Exact values are available in the data table below the graph.

textured wheel bands
smooth wheel bands

View chart data

Series	Measurement	successful climbs
textured wheel bands	Baseline	26
textured wheel bands	Condition 1	34
textured wheel bands	Condition 2	44
textured wheel bands	Follow-up	54
smooth wheel bands	Baseline	50
smooth wheel bands	Condition 1	46
smooth wheel bands	Condition 2	42
smooth wheel bands	Follow-up	38

In the mechanism-focused test: At baseline, textured wheel bands is 26 %, below smooth wheel bands at 50 %.In the mechanism-focused test: smooth wheel bands changes from 50 to 38 %.In the mechanism-focused test: The two conditions differ by 24 % at baseline.In the mechanism-focused test: At follow-up, textured wheel bands is 54 %, which is above smooth wheel bands at 38 %.

Correct answerIn the mechanism-focused test: At follow-up, textured wheel bands is 54 %, which is above smooth wheel bands at 38 %.

Evidence audit

Official skill: Command of Evidence
Subtype: Quantitative
Topic: 3-9 · Evidence for Scientific Conclusions
Direction: Challenge

Claim

The team claims that textured wheel bands remains below smooth wheel bands through follow-up for successful climbs.

Relevant evidence

In the mechanism-focused test: At follow-up, textured wheel bands is 54 %, which is above smooth wheel bands at 38 %.

Relevant data

textured wheel bands: 26, 34, 44, 54 %
smooth wheel bands: 50, 46, 42, 38 %

Why it bears on the claim

The selected values directly challenge the claim using the correct categories, series, and units.

Explanation

In the mechanism-focused test: At follow-up, textured wheel bands is 54 %, which is above smooth wheel bands at 38 %. This comparison directly addresses the relationship and scope specified in the claim.

Read the claim first
The team claims that textured wheel bands remains below smooth wheel bands through follow-up for successful climbs.
Locate exact values
textured wheel bands: 26, 34, 44, 54 %; smooth wheel bands: 50, 46, 42, 38 %
Match evidence to direction
The prompt asks for evidence that challenges the claim; the key does so without changing categories, series, time, or units.

Question 46 of 50

Question 46

Hard

Passage

night-library access

In a hypothetical history social studies investigation of library visitors, researchers recorded the original synthetic data shown in the line graph. The fictional team treats the two conditions as a focused comparison for evaluating its scientific hypothesis, without claiming that the data prove causation. The team claims that the gap in completed visits between evening opening hours and daytime-only hours narrows across the four measurements.

Which choice most effectively uses data from the graphic to illustrate the stated point?

night-library access: synthetic completed visitsA line graph showing four measurements for evening opening hours and daytime-only hours. Exact values are available in the data table below the graph.

evening opening hours
daytime-only hours

View chart data

Series	Measurement	completed visits
evening opening hours	Baseline	33
evening opening hours	Condition 1	37
evening opening hours	Condition 2	43
evening opening hours	Follow-up	49
daytime-only hours	Baseline	57
daytime-only hours	Condition 1	53
daytime-only hours	Condition 2	49
daytime-only hours	Follow-up	45

In the mechanism-focused test: The conditions' gap narrows from 24 visits at baseline to 4 visits at follow-up.In the mechanism-focused test: At Condition 1, the values are 37 and 53 visits.In the mechanism-focused test: daytime-only hours decreases by 12 visits.In the mechanism-focused test: The conditions total 94 visits at follow-up.

Correct answerIn the mechanism-focused test: The conditions' gap narrows from 24 visits at baseline to 4 visits at follow-up.

Evidence audit

Official skill: Command of Evidence
Subtype: Quantitative
Topic: 3-9 · Evidence for Scientific Conclusions
Direction: Illustrate

Claim

The team claims that the gap in completed visits between evening opening hours and daytime-only hours narrows across the four measurements.

Relevant evidence

In the mechanism-focused test: The conditions' gap narrows from 24 visits at baseline to 4 visits at follow-up.

Relevant data

evening opening hours: 33, 37, 43, 49 visits
daytime-only hours: 57, 53, 49, 45 visits

Why it bears on the claim

The selected values directly illustrate the claim using the correct categories, series, and units.

Explanation

In the mechanism-focused test: The conditions' gap narrows from 24 visits at baseline to 4 visits at follow-up. This comparison directly addresses the relationship and scope specified in the claim.

Read the claim first
The team claims that the gap in completed visits between evening opening hours and daytime-only hours narrows across the four measurements.
Locate exact values
evening opening hours: 33, 37, 43, 49 visits; daytime-only hours: 57, 53, 49, 45 visits
Match evidence to direction
The prompt asks for evidence that illustrates the claim; the key does so without changing categories, series, time, or units.

Question 47 of 50

Question 47

Hard

Passage

layered mural reading

In a hypothetical humanities investigation of museum visitors, researchers recorded the original synthetic data shown in the line graph. The fictional team treats the two conditions as a focused comparison for evaluating its scientific hypothesis, without claiming that the data prove causation. The team claims that layer-by-layer labels exceeds single summary labels in identified revisions by follow-up.

Which choice most effectively uses data from the graphic to support the team's claim?

layered mural reading: synthetic identified revisionsA line graph showing four measurements for layer-by-layer labels and single summary labels. Exact values are available in the data table below the graph.

layer-by-layer labels
single summary labels

View chart data

Series	Measurement	identified revisions
layer-by-layer labels	Baseline	20
layer-by-layer labels	Condition 1	25
layer-by-layer labels	Condition 2	32
layer-by-layer labels	Follow-up	39
single summary labels	Baseline	44
single summary labels	Condition 1	40
single summary labels	Condition 2	36
single summary labels	Follow-up	32

In the mechanism-focused test: single summary labels records 36 % at Condition 2.In the mechanism-focused test: layer-by-layer labels records 32 % at Condition 2, compared with its own baseline of 20 %.In the mechanism-focused test: At follow-up, layer-by-layer labels reaches 39 %, exceeding single summary labels at 32 %.In the mechanism-focused test: At baseline, single summary labels is 44 % and layer-by-layer labels is 20 %.

Correct answerIn the mechanism-focused test: At follow-up, layer-by-layer labels reaches 39 %, exceeding single summary labels at 32 %.

Evidence audit

Official skill: Command of Evidence
Subtype: Quantitative
Topic: 3-9 · Evidence for Scientific Conclusions
Direction: Support

Claim

The team claims that layer-by-layer labels exceeds single summary labels in identified revisions by follow-up.

Relevant evidence

In the mechanism-focused test: At follow-up, layer-by-layer labels reaches 39 %, exceeding single summary labels at 32 %.

Relevant data

layer-by-layer labels: 20, 25, 32, 39 %
single summary labels: 44, 40, 36, 32 %

Why it bears on the claim

The selected values directly support the claim using the correct categories, series, and units.

Explanation

In the mechanism-focused test: At follow-up, layer-by-layer labels reaches 39 %, exceeding single summary labels at 32 %. This comparison directly addresses the relationship and scope specified in the claim.

Read the claim first
The team claims that layer-by-layer labels exceeds single summary labels in identified revisions by follow-up.
Locate exact values
layer-by-layer labels: 20, 25, 32, 39 %; single summary labels: 44, 40, 36, 32 %
Match evidence to direction
The prompt asks for evidence that supports the claim; the key does so without changing categories, series, time, or units.

Question 48 of 50

Question 48

Hard

Passage

the brass key

In a hypothetical literature investigation of Mira in an original story, researchers recorded the original synthetic data shown in the line graph. The fictional team treats the two conditions as a focused comparison for evaluating its scientific hypothesis, without claiming that the data prove causation. The team claims that speaking before the council changes more across the measurement period than speaking privately to Ivo.

Which choice most effectively uses data from the graphic to support the team's claim?

the brass key: synthetic candor about uncertaintyA line graph showing four measurements for speaking before the council and speaking privately to Ivo. Exact values are available in the data table below the graph.

speaking before the council
speaking privately to Ivo

View chart data

Series	Measurement	candor about uncertainty
speaking before the council	Baseline	27
speaking before the council	Condition 1	33
speaking before the council	Condition 2	41
speaking before the council	Follow-up	49
speaking privately to Ivo	Baseline	51
speaking privately to Ivo	Condition 1	47
speaking privately to Ivo	Condition 2	43
speaking privately to Ivo	Follow-up	39

In the mechanism-focused test: At baseline, the two values sum to 78 instances.In the mechanism-focused test: speaking before the council changes by 22 instances, while speaking privately to Ivo changes by 12 instances in the opposite direction.In the mechanism-focused test: At Condition 2, the values are 41 and 43 instances.In the mechanism-focused test: speaking privately to Ivo ends at 39 instances.

Correct answerIn the mechanism-focused test: speaking before the council changes by 22 instances, while speaking privately to Ivo changes by 12 instances in the opposite direction.

Evidence audit

Official skill: Command of Evidence
Subtype: Quantitative
Topic: 3-9 · Evidence for Scientific Conclusions
Direction: Support

Claim

The team claims that speaking before the council changes more across the measurement period than speaking privately to Ivo.

Relevant evidence

In the mechanism-focused test: speaking before the council changes by 22 instances, while speaking privately to Ivo changes by 12 instances in the opposite direction.

Relevant data

speaking before the council: 27, 33, 41, 49 instances
speaking privately to Ivo: 51, 47, 43, 39 instances

Why it bears on the claim

The selected values directly support the claim using the correct categories, series, and units.

Explanation

In the mechanism-focused test: speaking before the council changes by 22 instances, while speaking privately to Ivo changes by 12 instances in the opposite direction. This comparison directly addresses the relationship and scope specified in the claim.

Read the claim first
The team claims that speaking before the council changes more across the measurement period than speaking privately to Ivo.
Locate exact values
speaking before the council: 27, 33, 41, 49 instances; speaking privately to Ivo: 51, 47, 43, 39 instances
Match evidence to direction
The prompt asks for evidence that supports the claim; the key does so without changing categories, series, time, or units.

Question 49 of 50

Question 49

Hard

Passage

salt-tolerant seedlings

In a hypothetical science investigation of coastal seedlings, researchers recorded the original synthetic data shown in the line graph. The fictional team treats the two conditions as a focused comparison for evaluating its scientific hypothesis, without claiming that the data prove causation. The team claims that low-salt irrigation shows a sustained increase in surviving leaves from baseline through follow-up.

Which choice most effectively uses data from the graphic to support the team's claim?

salt-tolerant seedlings: synthetic surviving leavesA line graph showing four measurements for low-salt irrigation and high-salt irrigation. Exact values are available in the data table below the graph.

low-salt irrigation
high-salt irrigation

View chart data

Series	Measurement	surviving leaves
low-salt irrigation	Baseline	34
low-salt irrigation	Condition 1	41
low-salt irrigation	Condition 2	50
low-salt irrigation	Follow-up	59
high-salt irrigation	Baseline	58
high-salt irrigation	Condition 1	54
high-salt irrigation	Condition 2	50
high-salt irrigation	Follow-up	46

In the mechanism-focused test: low-salt irrigation rises at every measurement, from 34 leaves at baseline to 59 leaves at follow-up.In the mechanism-focused test: low-salt irrigation is 41 leaves at Condition 1.In the mechanism-focused test: high-salt irrigation moves from 58 to 46 leaves.In the mechanism-focused test: At baseline the conditions differ by 24 leaves.

Correct answerIn the mechanism-focused test: low-salt irrigation rises at every measurement, from 34 leaves at baseline to 59 leaves at follow-up.

Evidence audit

Official skill: Command of Evidence
Subtype: Quantitative
Topic: 3-9 · Evidence for Scientific Conclusions
Direction: Support

Claim

The team claims that low-salt irrigation shows a sustained increase in surviving leaves from baseline through follow-up.

Relevant evidence

In the mechanism-focused test: low-salt irrigation rises at every measurement, from 34 leaves at baseline to 59 leaves at follow-up.

Relevant data

low-salt irrigation: 34, 41, 50, 59 leaves
high-salt irrigation: 58, 54, 50, 46 leaves

Why it bears on the claim

The selected values directly support the claim using the correct categories, series, and units.

Explanation

In the mechanism-focused test: low-salt irrigation rises at every measurement, from 34 leaves at baseline to 59 leaves at follow-up. This comparison directly addresses the relationship and scope specified in the claim.

Read the claim first
The team claims that low-salt irrigation shows a sustained increase in surviving leaves from baseline through follow-up.
Locate exact values
low-salt irrigation: 34, 41, 50, 59 leaves; high-salt irrigation: 58, 54, 50, 46 leaves
Match evidence to direction
The prompt asks for evidence that supports the claim; the key does so without changing categories, series, time, or units.

Question 50 of 50

Question 50

Hard

Passage

translated ballot guide

In a hypothetical history social studies investigation of first-time voters, researchers recorded the original synthetic data shown in the line graph. The fictional team treats the two conditions as a focused comparison for evaluating its scientific hypothesis, without claiming that the data prove causation. The team claims that a translated guide remains below a single-language guide through follow-up for correctly completed sample ballots.

Which choice most effectively uses data from the graphic to challenge the team's claim?

translated ballot guide: synthetic correctly completed sample ballotsA line graph showing four measurements for a translated guide and a single-language guide. Exact values are available in the data table below the graph.

a translated guide
a single-language guide

View chart data

Series	Measurement	correctly completed sample ballots
a translated guide	Baseline	21
a translated guide	Condition 1	29
a translated guide	Condition 2	39
a translated guide	Follow-up	49
a single-language guide	Baseline	45
a single-language guide	Condition 1	41
a single-language guide	Condition 2	37
a single-language guide	Follow-up	33

In the mechanism-focused test: a single-language guide changes from 45 to 33 %.In the mechanism-focused test: The two conditions differ by 24 % at baseline.In the mechanism-focused test: At follow-up, a translated guide is 49 %, which is above a single-language guide at 33 %.In the mechanism-focused test: At baseline, a translated guide is 21 %, below a single-language guide at 45 %.

Correct answerIn the mechanism-focused test: At follow-up, a translated guide is 49 %, which is above a single-language guide at 33 %.

Evidence audit

Official skill: Command of Evidence
Subtype: Quantitative
Topic: 3-9 · Evidence for Scientific Conclusions
Direction: Challenge

Claim

The team claims that a translated guide remains below a single-language guide through follow-up for correctly completed sample ballots.

Relevant evidence

In the mechanism-focused test: At follow-up, a translated guide is 49 %, which is above a single-language guide at 33 %.

Relevant data

a translated guide: 21, 29, 39, 49 %
a single-language guide: 45, 41, 37, 33 %

Why it bears on the claim

The selected values directly challenge the claim using the correct categories, series, and units.

Explanation

In the mechanism-focused test: At follow-up, a translated guide is 49 %, which is above a single-language guide at 33 %. This comparison directly addresses the relationship and scope specified in the claim.

Read the claim first
The team claims that a translated guide remains below a single-language guide through follow-up for correctly completed sample ballots.
Locate exact values
a translated guide: 21, 29, 39, 49 %; a single-language guide: 45, 41, 37, 33 %
Match evidence to direction
The prompt asks for evidence that challenges the claim; the key does so without changing categories, series, time, or units.

Evidence audit

Claim

Relevant evidence

Why it bears on the claim

Why this choice?

Why this choice?

Why this choice?

Why this choice?

Explanation

Evidence audit

Claim

Relevant evidence

Why it bears on the claim

Why this choice?

Why this choice?

Why this choice?

Why this choice?

Explanation

Evidence audit

Claim

Relevant evidence

Why it bears on the claim

Why this choice?

Why this choice?

Why this choice?

Why this choice?

Explanation

Evidence audit

Claim

Relevant evidence

Why it bears on the claim

Why this choice?

Why this choice?

Why this choice?

Why this choice?

Explanation

Evidence audit

Claim

Relevant evidence

Why it bears on the claim

Why this choice?

Why this choice?

Why this choice?

Why this choice?

Explanation

Evidence audit

Claim

Relevant evidence

Why it bears on the claim

Why this choice?

Why this choice?

Why this choice?

Why this choice?

Explanation

Evidence audit

Claim

Relevant evidence

Why it bears on the claim

Why this choice?

Why this choice?

Why this choice?

Why this choice?

Explanation

Evidence audit

Claim

Relevant evidence

Why it bears on the claim

Why this choice?

Why this choice?

Why this choice?

Why this choice?

Explanation

Evidence audit

Claim

Relevant evidence

Why it bears on the claim

Why this choice?

Why this choice?

Why this choice?

Why this choice?