Card 1 of 20
EasyStudy card 1
Prompt
When is a line graph most useful?
Connected points emphasize trend.
Answer
For change across ordered time or another continuous sequence.
Example
Plot enrollment by year.
MathChapter 8: Statistics
Flashcards
Graphical Displays Flashcards
Twenty concise cards on display choice, graph reading, relative frequency, change, skew, outliers, and inference limits.
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Session progress0 of 20 studied
Card 1 of 20. Answer hidden.
Card 2 of 20
EasyStudy card 2
Prompt
When is a bar graph most useful?
Bars are separated.
Answer
For comparing distinct categories.
Example
Compare four study-format preferences.
Card 3 of 20
EasyStudy card 3
Prompt
When is a histogram most useful?
Bins are adjacent and ordered.
Answer
For showing a numerical distribution across intervals.
Example
Group scores into ten-point intervals.
Card 4 of 20
EasyStudy card 4
Prompt
What does a histogram bar height represent?
It is not the individual data value.
Answer
The frequency or relative frequency in that interval.
Example
Height \(12\) means \(12\) observations in the bin.
Card 5 of 20
EasyStudy card 5
Prompt
Why are histogram bars adjacent?
The variable is continuous or ordered numerical data.
Answer
Their bins cover consecutive numerical intervals.
Example
The interval \(60\)–\(70\) follows \(50\)–\(60\).
Card 6 of 20
EasyStudy card 6
Prompt
Why are category bars usually separated?
Spacing signals separate labels.
Answer
Categories are distinct rather than continuous intervals.
Example
Notes and Videos are separate choices.
Card 7 of 20
MediumStudy card 7
Prompt
What is relative frequency?
Normalize the count.
Answer
\(\text{class frequency}/\text{total frequency}\).
Example
\(12/40=30\%\).
Card 8 of 20
MediumStudy card 8
Prompt
What must all relative frequencies sum to?
They partition the full data set.
Answer
\(1\), or \(100\%\).
Example
Four classes might sum to \(0.18+0.22+0.35+0.25=1\).
Card 9 of 20
MediumStudy card 9
Prompt
What is absolute change?
Subtract endpoints.
Answer
\(\text{new}-\text{old}\), in the original unit.
Example
From \(40\) to \(55\): increase \(15\).
Card 10 of 20
MediumStudy card 10
Prompt
What is percent change?
The old value is the base.
Answer
\((\text{new}-\text{old})/\text{old})(100\%)\).
Example
From \(40\) to \(50\): \(25\%\) increase.
Card 11 of 20
MediumStudy card 11
Prompt
What should you read before any graph calculation?
Decode before computing.
Answer
Title, axis labels, units, scale, and category or bin definitions.
Example
A tick interval may be \(5\), not \(1\).
Card 12 of 20
MediumStudy card 12
Prompt
What names the skew direction?
Do not use the peak location.
Answer
The direction of the long tail.
Example
A tail toward larger values is right skew.
Card 13 of 20
MediumStudy card 13
Prompt
What is typical in a right-skewed distribution?
Large tail values pull the mean right.
Answer
The mean is greater than the median.
Example
Income data often show this pattern.
Card 14 of 20
MediumStudy card 14
Prompt
What is typical in a left-skewed distribution?
Small tail values pull the mean left.
Answer
The mean is less than the median.
Example
A few low values stretch the left tail.
Card 15 of 20
MediumStudy card 15
Prompt
What is typical in a symmetric distribution?
The two sides balance.
Answer
The mean and median are approximately equal.
Example
A centered mirror-like histogram.
Card 16 of 20
MediumStudy card 16
Prompt
Which measure is generally more resistant to an outlier?
It depends mainly on ordered position.
Answer
The median.
Example
One huge maximum pulls the mean more strongly.
Card 17 of 20
MediumStudy card 17
Prompt
Which measure must react when an endpoint moves outward?
Range uses only minimum and maximum.
Answer
The range.
Example
Increasing the maximum increases the range.
Card 18 of 20
HardStudy card 18
Prompt
Can a histogram reveal every exact data value?
Grouped data lose within-bin detail.
Answer
No. It reports only interval membership and frequency.
Example
A value in \(70\le x<80\) is not necessarily \(75\).
Card 19 of 20
HardStudy card 19
Prompt
What is a common truncated-axis trap?
Read tick labels, not visual height alone.
Answer
Visual differences can look exaggerated even though numerical differences are unchanged.
Example
An axis starting at \(90\) magnifies a change from \(95\) to \(100\).
Card 20 of 20
HardStudy card 20
Prompt
How should a graph-based conclusion be limited?
Distinguish observation from explanation.
Answer
State only what the display encodes; a trend alone does not prove a cause.
Example
Rising values do not identify why they rose.
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