Card 1 of 8
MediumStudy card 1
Prompt
How is the mean calculated?
Answer
Add all values and divide by the number of values.
Arithmetic mean
\[\bar{x}=\frac{\sum x}{n}\]
MathProblem-Solving & Data Analysis
Flashcards
Statistics Flashcards
Recall center, spread, outliers, sampling, and study-design distinctions.
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Card 2 of 8
MediumStudy card 2
Prompt
What is the median?
Answer
The middle value of an ordered data set, or the mean of the two middle values when the count is even.
Card 3 of 8
MediumStudy card 3
Prompt
Which measure of center is more resistant to outliers?
Answer
The median; an extreme value can pull the mean strongly.
Card 4 of 8
MediumStudy card 4
Prompt
What does standard deviation describe?
Answer
How spread out values are around the mean; larger standard deviation means greater dispersion.
Card 5 of 8
MediumStudy card 5
Prompt
Can two data sets have the same mean but different distributions?
Answer
Yes. Their spread, shape, range, or individual values may differ.
Card 6 of 8
MediumStudy card 6
Prompt
What does random sampling primarily support?
Answer
Generalizing results from the sample to the population it represents.
Card 7 of 8
HardStudy card 7
Prompt
What does random assignment primarily support?
Answer
A causal conclusion by balancing confounding variables across treatment groups.
Card 8 of 8
MediumStudy card 8
Prompt
Why does correlation not by itself prove causation?
Answer
A lurking variable or reverse direction may explain the association.
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